Chapter 7

Question 1

What is the energy yield of carbohydrates per gram?

Answer 1

4.1 kilocalories per gram

Carbohydrates are a key energy nutrient utilized by the body.

Question 2

What is the energy yield of protein per gram?

Answer 2

4.3 kilocalories per gram

Protein serves as an energy source and is essential for muscle repair.

Question 3

What is the energy yield of fats per gram?

Answer 3

9.3 kilocalories per gram

Fats provide the highest energy yield among the key nutrients.

Question 4

What are the by-products of ATP-PC metabolic pathway?

Answer 4

none

The ATP-PC system does not produce by-products during energy generation.

Question 5

What are the by-products of the glycolysis metabolic pathway?

Answer 5

lactic acid

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and produces lactic acid as a by-product.

Question 6

What is the range of work time for the ATP-PC system?

Answer 6

10 - 15 seconds

This range is typical for high-intensity activities like sprints.

Question 7

What is an example of an exercise that primarily uses the ATP-PC system?

Answer 7

100 m sprint

A 100 m sprint relies heavily on the ATP-PC energy pathway.

Question 8

What is the range of work time for cellular respiration?

Answer 8

120 seconds or more

Cellular respiration can sustain energy production for moderate-duration activities.

Question 9

What are the main energy sources utilized in cellular respiration?

Answer 9

fats, carbohydrates and proteins

Cellular respiration can metabolize multiple macronutrients for energy.

Question 10

What are the by-products of cellular respiration?

Answer 10

H2O, CO2

Water and carbon dioxide are produced as by-products of cellular respiration.

Question 11

What is an example of an exercise that utilizes cellular respiration?

Answer 11

marathon

Marathon running is sustained by aerobic metabolism through cellular respiration.

Question 12

What characterizes slow twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 12

able to contract and relax slowly for better endurance

Slow twitch fibers are more efficient for endurance activities.

Question 13

What characterizes fast twitch muscle fibers?

Answer 13

able to contract and relax quickly for fast bursts

Fast twitch fibers are optimized for short, powerful movements.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The energy pathway that produces no by-products is the _______.

Answer 14

ATP-PC system

The ATP-PC system is efficient for short-duration, high-intensity efforts.