Chapter 7

Question 0

Biological Rhythms

Answer 0

Periodic physiological fluctuations controlled by “biological clocks”

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 2

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of body temp and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle

Question 3

REM Sleep

Answer 3

Rapid Eye Movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems stay active.

Not moving

Question 4

Alpha waves (awake)

Answer 4

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Question 5

Sleep

Answer 5

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation

Question 6

Hallucinations

Answer 6

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 7

Delta Waves

Answer 7

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. Stage 4 (moving)

Question 8

Insomnia

Answer 8

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 9

Narcolepsy

Answer 9

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Question 10

Sleep Apnea

Answer 10

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 11

Night Terrors

Answer 11

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Question 12

Dream

Answer 12

A sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind.

Question 13

Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment: Manifest Content

Answer 13

The remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content)

Question 14

Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment: Latent Content

Answer 14

The underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

Question 15

Information Processing Theory

Answer 15

Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories.

Question 16

Physiological Function Theory

Answer 16

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

Question 17

Activation-Sythesis Theory

Answer 17

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.

Question 18

Cognitive Theory

Answer 18

Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development - their knowledge and understanding. Aids in brain maturation.

Question 19

REM Rebound

Answer 19

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Question 20

Hypnosis

Answer 20

A social interaction in which one person (hypnotist) suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Question 21

Anton Mesmer

Answer 21

Hypnosis

Question 22

Posthypnotic Suggestion

Answer 22

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized: used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Question 23

Social Influence Theory

Answer 23

Hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role

Question 24

Ernest Hilgard

Answer 24

Divided Consciousness Theory

Question 25

Dissociation (Divided-consciousness theory)

Answer 25

A split in consciousness, which allows some thought and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Question 26

Psychoactive Drug

Answer 26

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Question 27

Tolerance

Answer 27

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect

Question 28

Withdrawal

Answer 28

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Question 29

Physical Dependence

Answer 29

A psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

Question 30

Psychological Dependence

Answer 30

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Question 31

Addiction

Answer 31

Compulsive drug cravings and use

Question 32

Depressants

Answer 32

Drugs such as alcohol, opiates, and barbiturates that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 33

Barbiturates

Answer 33

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Question 34

Opiates

Answer 34

Opium and its derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 35

Stimulants

Answer 35

Drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine and that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 36

Amphetamines

Answer 36

Drugs that stimulate neural activity

Question 37

Methamphetamines

Answer 37

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Question 38

Ecstasy

Answer 38

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy

Question 39

Hallucinogens

Answer 39

Psychedelic "mind-manifesting" drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 40

LSD

Answer 40

A powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid

Question 41

THC

Answer 41

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations

Question 42

Near-Death Experience

Answer 42

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest)

Question 43

Dualism

Answer 43

The presumption that mind and body are 2 distinct entities that interact

Question 44

Theta waves

Answer 44

Slow , Stage 1-2