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AP Psychology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

0
Q

Biological Rhythms

A

Periodic physiological fluctuations controlled by “biological clocks”

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of body temp and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle

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3
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid Eye Movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems stay active.

Not moving

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4
Q

Alpha waves (awake)

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

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5
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation

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6
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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7
Q

Delta Waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. Stage 4 (moving)

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8
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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9
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

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10
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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11
Q

Night Terrors

A

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

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12
Q

Dream

A

A sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind.

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13
Q

Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment: Manifest Content

A

The remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content)

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14
Q

Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment: Latent Content

A

The underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

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15
Q

Information Processing Theory

A

Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories.

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16
Q

Physiological Function Theory

A

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

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17
Q

Activation-Sythesis Theory

A

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.

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18
Q

Cognitive Theory

A

Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development - their knowledge and understanding. Aids in brain maturation.

19
Q

REM Rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

20
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person (hypnotist) suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

21
Q

Anton Mesmer

A

Hypnosis

22
Q

Posthypnotic Suggestion

A

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized: used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

23
Q

Social Influence Theory

A

Hypnotic subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a social role

24
Q

Ernest Hilgard

A

Divided Consciousness Theory

25
Q

Dissociation (Divided-consciousness theory)

A

A split in consciousness, which allows some thought and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

26
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

27
Q

Tolerance

A

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect

28
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

29
Q

Physical Dependence

A

A psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

30
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

31
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug cravings and use

32
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs such as alcohol, opiates, and barbiturates that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

33
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

34
Q

Opiates

A

Opium and its derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity and speed up body functions

35
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine and that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

36
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity

37
Q

Methamphetamines

A

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

38
Q

Ecstasy

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy

39
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic “mind-manifesting” drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

40
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid

41
Q

THC

A

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations

42
Q

Near-Death Experience

A

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest)

43
Q

Dualism

A

The presumption that mind and body are 2 distinct entities that interact

44
Q

Theta waves

A

Slow , Stage 1-2

AP Psychology (25 decks)

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