Chapter 7 Flashcards
Intrusive, irrational and unwanted thoughts are called
a) irrational beliefs.
b) generalized anxiety.
c) obsessions.
d) compulsions.
c) obsessions.
. People who compulsively check their appearance and spend countless hours staring at themselves in the mirror will likely be diagnosed as having
a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) body dysmorphic disorder
c) generalized anxiety disorder
d) specific phobia
b) body dysmorphic disorder
. How is body dysmorphic disorder similar to OCD?
a) both engage in compulsive behaviors
b) both have obsessive preoccupations
c) both spend inordinate amounts of time on their obsessions
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
The compulsive need to acquire objects and the inability to discard any objects is known as
a) hoarding disorder.
b) collecting disorder.
c) refuse disorder.
d) none of the above
a) hoarding disorder.
All of the following brain regions are involved in OCD EXCEPT:
a) orbitofrontal cortex
b) caudate nucleus
c) anterior cingulate
d) cerebellum
d) cerebellum
. Behavioral models consider compulsions to be
a) classically conditioned responses.
b) operantly conditioned responses.
c) a result of suppressed obsessions.
d) related to deficient locus coeruleus activity
b) operantly conditioned responses.
. __________ is defined as the subjective feeling of knowing and is thought to be deficient in __________.
a) Assuredness; Panic Disorder.
b) Assuredness; OCD.
c) Yedasentience; Panic Disorder
d) Yedasentience; OCD.
d) Yedasentience; OCD.
. All three OCD related disorders respond well to
a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors
b) dopamine
c) GABA
d) norepinephrine
a) serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Confronting one’s worst fears, such as contamination by dirty objects, is used during
a) exposure with response prevention therapy.
b) psychoanalysis.
c) classical conditioning.
d) cognitive behavioral therapy
a) exposure with response prevention therapy.
Symptoms of PTSD are grouped into which of the following major categories?
a) re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event and anxiety
b) hyper vigilance, avoidance of stimuli associated with event and exaggerated startle response
c) avoidance of stimuli associated with event, symptoms of increased arousal and symptoms of suicidality
d) re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event and symptoms of increased arousal
d) re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event and symptoms of increased arousal
. Irritable or aggressive behavior, reckless or self-destructive behavior, difficulty falling or staying asleep, and hyper vigilance are all symptoms associated with the DSM-5’s ___________ category of PTSD.
a) intrusively re-experiencing the traumatic event
b) avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
c) mood and cognitive changes following the trauma
d) symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity
d) symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity
When the person deliberately remembers the event in therapy it is called
a) treatment exposure.
b) imaginal exposure.
c) cruel treatment.
d) reactivation treatment.
b) imaginal exposure.
Which of the following would NOT be considered a trauma?
Watching news coverage of a terrorist attack
Witnessing the suicide of a loved one
Learning that one’s best friend was killed in a car accident
Experiencing an earthquake
Watching news coverage of a terrorist attack
Which of the following is a symptom of intrusion?
Avoidance of the place in which the trauma occurred
Persistent negative emotional state
Irritable or aggressive behavior
Recurrent nightmares about the trauma
Recurrent nightmares about the trauma
Which of the following is an example of a negative change in mood or cognition?
Avoidance of physical sensations associated with the trauma
Exaggerated startle response
Feelings of detachment from others
Flashbacks
Feelings of detachment from others
Which of the following is an example of a change in arousal or reactivity?
Reckless or self-destructive behavior
Inability to experience positive emotions
Reluctance to talk about the trauma
Excessive blame to self or others
Reckless or self-destructive behavior
Individuals who develop PTSD are very likely to have had \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the past. Major depressive disorder Substance abuse disorder Conduct disorder Anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorder
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is approximately 22.5%.
The greater prevalence of PTSD among women is probably due, in part, to the fact that women are more likely to have experienced sexual abuse or rape.
Minority group members are more likely to experience PTSD than majority group members
Symptoms of PTSD usually begin within three months of the trauma
The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is approximately 22.5%.
Which of the following traumatic events is most likely to cause PTSD? A hurricane A tornado An earthquake A shopping mall shooting
A shopping mall shooting
Which of the following statements about memory in PTSD is TRUE?
Studies suggest that hypothalamus is smaller in individuals with PTSD
Individuals with PTSD show excellent verbal memory for details of their trauma
Individuals with PTSD show reduced ability to access memories based on sensory cues
Individuals with PTSD have difficulty describing their memories in an organized way
Individuals with PTSD have difficulty describing their memories in an organized way
Which of the following is predictive of a good outcome among individuals with PTSD? Dissociation High intelligence Memory suppression High agreeableness
High intelligence
Which of the following statements about treatment for PTSD is TRUE?
The type of medicine that has received the strongest support in terms of effectiveness is the benzodiazepines.
The most effective psychological treatment involves helping the patient to understand how his/her response to the trauma is related to unconscious conflicts dating from childhood.
Imaginal exposure is more effective than in vivo exposure
The patient’s symptoms may get worse during the initial stages of therapy.
The patient’s symptoms may get worse during the initial stages of therapy.
Which of the following statements about the treatment of PTSD is TRUE?
Exposure-based psychotherapy is more effective than medications.
Research has strongly supported the benefit of adding cognitive techniques to exposure-based therapy.
The eye movement component of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing therapy adds benefit above and beyond the exposure component.
Individuals who participate in Critical Incident Stress Debriefing do better than those who do not participate.
Exposure-based psychotherapy is more effective than medications.
Which of these is an obsession? Washing one’s hands repeatedly Repeatedly checking to make sure the doors are locked Recurrent visual images of a plane crash Repeatedly saying a prayer
Recurrent visual images of a plane crash
Which of these is a compulsion?
Feeling a need to organize your canned goods alphabetically
Repeatedly checking to make sure that the oven is off
Feeling an overpowering urge to arrange the items on your desk so that they are symmetrical
Being preoccupied with the thought that there might be germs or dirt on your hands
Repeatedly checking to make sure that the oven is off
What is the prevalence of OCD? 0.2% 2% 10% 12%
2%
Which doesn't occur with OCD Substance Abuse Schizophrenia Anxiety Depression
Schizophrenia
Which of the following brain areas is involved in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Occipital lobe Caudate nucleus Hypothalamus Hippocampus
Caudate nucleus
Amber experiences intrusive thoughts that she has failed to turn off her flat iron. She has disturbing visual images of her apartment catching fire. When she checks to confirm that the flat iron is off, she feels much better. Amber’s compulsive checking behavior results in \_\_\_\_\_. Positive punishment Negative punishment Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Gary just had a vicious argument with his girlfriend. For a fleeting moment, Gary thought, “I could kill her.” Immediately after having this thought, Gary felt as anxious and guilty as if he had actually killed his girlfriend. Gary is demonstrating \_\_\_\_\_\_. Obsession-compulsion fusion Anxiety-guilt fusion Thought-affect fusion Thought-action fusion
Thought-action fusion
Tom experiences thoughts of molesting his neighbor’s daughter. Tom finds these thoughts to be abhorrent and offensive, and he wishes they would go away. Tom’s therapist told him to put a rubber band on his wrist. Each time he has a thought about molesting his neighbor’s daughter, he should say “stop” and snap the rubber band. Tom’s thoughts will _____.
Increase in frequency
Decrease in frequency
Increase in frequency
Which is a more effective treatment for OCD?
Medication
Exposure with response prevention
Exposure with response prevention
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? Alogia Avolition Hallucinations All of the above
Hallucinations
Stan believes that the sprinkler system contains hidden cameras that are monitoring his behavior. This belief is a delusion of \_\_\_\_\_. Grandeur Persecution Reference Being controlled
Persecution
Amy believes that God sends her messages through the TV. The fast food commercials are a sign from God about what she should eat each day. Amy’s belief is a \_\_\_\_\_\_. Hallucination Delusion of grandeur Negative symptom Delusion of reference
Delusion of reference
What is the prevalence of schizophrenia? 0.1% 1% 5-7% 10-12%
1%
What percentage of people who have been hospitalized for one episode of schizophrenia will be hospitalized again at some point in their lives? 1-5% 10-20% 30-40% 50-80%
50-80%
About a week before final exams, Kevin started telling his friends that the CIA had implanted a tracking device in his skull. Kevin’s friends were relieved when, about two weeks later, his strange symptoms seemed to go away. Kevin probably has \_\_\_\_\_. Brief psychotic disorder Schizophreniform disorder Schizophrenia Schizoaffective disorder
Brief psychotic disorder
Your identical twin has schizophrenia. What is the likelihood that you will develop the disorder? 84% 64% 44% 24%
44%
You have one biological parent with schizophrenia. Is it more likely that you WILL or WILL NOT develop schizophrenia?
Will
Will not
Will not
Which of the following statements about brain abnormalities found among individuals with schizophrenia is FALSE?
1) Individuals with schizophrenia tend to have enlarged ventricles.
2) Enlarged ventricles are associated with more severe symptoms.
3) Individuals with enlarged ventricles show a more positive response to medication.
4) Some studies show that enlarged ventricles are more common among men.
Individuals with enlarged ventricles show a more positive response to medication.
Among individuals with schizophrenia, the prefrontal cortex \_\_\_\_\_. Is larger and shows more activity Is smaller and shows less activity Is larger and show less activity Is smaller and shows more activity
Is smaller and shows less activity
Which of the following have been implicated as causal factors in schizophrenia?
Perinatal hypoxia
Gestational diabetes
Viral infection during the mother’s pregnancy
Both A and C
Both B and C
Both A and C
The most recent research suggests that the symptoms of schizophrenia are due to _____.
Too much dopamine
Too little dopamine
Excess dopamine activity in some parts of the brain, but unusually low dopamine activity in others
None of the above
Excess dopamine activity in some parts of the brain, but unusually low dopamine activity in others
Does research support the interpretation that the chronic stress of inner city neighborhoods and low status jobs causes schizophrenia?
Yes
No
No
What is the term for the style of family interaction that is characterized hostility and criticism toward the individual with schizophrenia? High aggravated affect High inflated emotion High expressed irritation High expressed emotion
High expressed emotion
The first medications developed to treat schizophrenia are known as the phenothiazenes. The primary action of these medications is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Block the action of acetylcholine Facilitate the action of acetylcholine Block the action of dopamine Facilitate the action of dopamine
Block the action of dopamine
Which of the following statements about first-generation antipsychotic medication is TRUE?
1) Approximately 65% of individuals are not helped by these medications
2) These medications are more effective for negative symptoms than positive symptoms
3) Individuals with schizophrenia only need to take the medications while they are actively psychotic; they may discontinue the medications after the psychotic episode subsides
4) Many individuals on these medications still cannot holds jobs or develop social relationships
4) Many individuals on these medications still cannot holds jobs or develop social relationships
What is the name for the feeling of agitation, or motor restlessness, that is a side effect of antipsychotic medication? Dyskinesia Akathesia Avolition Catatonia
Akathesia
What is the name for the involuntary movements of tongue, mouth, face, or jaw that is associated with long-term use of first generation antipsychotic medications? Extrapyramidal symptoms Akathesia Tardive dyskinesia Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia
Which of the following statements about second-generation antipsychotics is TRUE?
They do not cause unpleasant side-effects.
They help the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
They are more effective than first-generation antipsychotics.
All of the above
They help the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Your sister has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She will have the lowest likelihood of relapse if __________.
She takes antipsychotic medication only
Your family participates in family therapy only
She takes antipsychotic medication and your family participates in family therapy
She takes antipsychotic medication and your family participates in family therapy
Which of the following psychological therapies for schizophrenia attempts to improve attention, memory, and problem-solving? Cognitive behavior therapy Family therapy Cognitive enhancement training Case management
Cognitive enhancement training
People diagnosed with PTSD consistently demonstrated deficits on neuropsychological tests of verbal memory even while performing adequately on tests of
sensory memory.
cortisol memory.
auditory memory.
visual memory
visual memory
A disorder that involves repetitive thoughts and behaviors that are so extreme as to interfere with everyday life is called:
post traumatic stress disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
social phobic disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The DSM-5 divides symptoms for PTSD into __________ categories.
4
8
2
6
4
Efforts to inhibit obsessive thoughts
are easier if a significant other is involved to encourage and reinforce the suppression of obsessive thoughts.
may be a helpful strategy for obsessive-compulsives to use.
result in other problems, such as stress-induced illnesses.
may increase obsessional thinking and negative mood.
may increase obsessional thinking and negative mood.
One way in which the DSM-5 differs from the DSM-IV-TR is that the DSM-5
makes OCD and trauma-related disorders part of the anxiety disorders category.
makes OCD and trauma-related disorders their own category.
eliminates OCD and trauma-related disorders.
none of the above.
makes OCD and trauma-related disorders their own category.
Feeling removed from one’s body or one’s emotions, or being unable to remember an event, is predictive of
PTSD.
OCD.
GAD.
all of the above.
PTSD.
OCD tends to be
more common in men than in women.
most common in older men.
more common in women than in men.
as common in men as it is in women.
more common in women than in men.
Which of the following is NOT one of the DSM-5 categories for PTSD?
intrusively re-experiencing the traumatic event
avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
mood and cognitive changes following the trauma
forgetfulness and disorientation following the trauma
forgetfulness and disorientation following the trauma
Which of the following treatments has been shown to be more effective than either medication or supportive psychotherapy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder?
group psychotherapy with other trauma victims
exposure that focuses on trauma-related events
EMDR
progressive muscle relaxation
exposure that focuses on trauma-related events
Symptoms and outcomes of body dysmorphic disorder may be common across cultures, but __________ tends to differ.
frequency of checking behaviors
there are no differences across cultures
focus on specific body parts
number of body parts
focus on specific body parts
The most widely used psychological treatment for OCD-related disorders is
psychoanalysis.
operant conditioning.
exposure and response prevention.
interpersonal psychotherapy
exposure and response prevention.
Taken as a whole, the criteria for Acute Stress Disorder and the criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder are __________ in the DSM-5 than in the DSM-IV-TR.
particularly different in terms of severity of symptoms
more similar
more distinct
unchanged
more similar
__________ is the primary treatment for PTSD.
affective rehearsal treatment
exposure treatment
flooding
classical conditioning
exposure treatment
In more religious cultures, obsessions involved in OCD are
considered blasphemous.
less prevalent than in less religious cultures.
more likely to involve religious themes.
more likely to involve themes of identity
more likely to involve religious themes.
__________ involves immediate treatment of trauma victims within 72 hours of the traumatic event.
Emergency therapy
Critical incident stress debriefing
Victim distancing therapy
All of the above
Critical incident stress debriefing
Which of the following symptoms is not part of the diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder?
Difficulty discarding items regardless of their value.
Distress when thinking about discarding useless items.
Compromise in the usefulness of living spaces due to the accumulation of possessions.
Perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace.
Perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace.
According to the cognitive behavioral model, hoarding is related to all of the following EXCEPT:
poor planning skills.
poor organizational abilities.
avoidance behaviors.
unusual beliefs about possessions.
poor planning skills.
