Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
People with anorexia nervosa
stop eating because of an abnormal increase in blood sugar, which alters their perceptions of hunger
fear gaining weight so much that they stop eating
have lost their appetite, leading them to stop eating
stop eating but do not lose weight
A
fear gaining weight so much that they stop eating
2
Q
Anorexia nervosa typically begins in: early childhood adolescence early adulthood late adulthood
A
adolescence
3
Q
People with anorexia nervosa are also frequently diagnosed with depression anxiety substance abuse all of the above
A
all of the above
4
Q
During binge episodes, many bulimics feel a great sense of control experience a feeling of being out of control feel very satisfied none of the above
A
experience a feeling of being out of control
5
Q
The feature common to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is low body weight fear of gaining weight panic attacks none of the above
A
fear of gaining weight
6
Q
Individuals with binge eating disorder are
relatively confident with their body image
more likely to be African American than Caucasian
more likely to be men than women
often obese
A
often obese
7
Q
Eating disorders are usually caused by genetic disposition neurochemical imbalance sociocultural pressures a combination of factors
A
a combination of factors
8
Q
Which of the following brain mechanisms have been implicated in anorexia?
A) Starvation releases natural pain-reducing opioids producing a high, which reinforces not eating.
B) With puberty, female hormones increase dramatically and damage centers which control eating in the thalamus and pituitary.
c) Excessive exercise depletes the brain of neurotransmitters utilized by areas that regulate hunger or satiation.
d) Stress-released hormones reduce the sensitivity of receptors that detect blood-sugar levels and release hormones that induce hunger.
A
Starvation releases natural pain-reducing opioids producing a high, which reinforces not eating.
9
Q
In the cognitive-behavioral view, the non-eating of anorexics is reinforced by
reducing anxiety about being fat
reducing sexual demands from males
attention of overly concerned family members
increased time and energy for studies
A
reducing anxiety about being fat
10
Q
A recent review of many studies concluded that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, no matter how it is measured, is higher among girls with anorexia than girls without anorexia, and that it remains high even after successful treatment for anorexia. neuroticism introversion constraint perfectionism
A
perfectionism
11
Q
Which is NOT a disadvantage of medication in the treatment of bulimia? relapses when medication is stopped it controls only bingeing, not purging unpleasant side effects high dropout rates
A
it controls only bingeing, not purging
12
Q
The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is
medication to reduce anxiety about eating
education on the importance of a well-balanced diet
hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
assessment to identify causes and plan individualized treatment
A
hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
13
Q
Approximately twice per week, Tiffany binges on junk food and then makes herself vomit to avoid weight gain. What else do you need to know about Tiffany to know whether the appropriate diagnosis for her is anorexia nervosa, binge eating/purging subtype, or bulimia nervosa?
Whether her self-image is unduly influenced by her weight
Her weight
Her ethnicity
All of the above
A
Her weight
14
Q
Kathy binges on fast food approximately three times per week. What do you need to know to decide whether the appropriate diagnosis for her is bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder?
Whether Kathy is depressed
Whether Kathy is obese
Whether Kathy engages in compensatory behaviors
Kathy’s age
A
Whether Kathy engages in compensatory behaviors
15
Q
Which is the most common eating disorder?
Anorexia
Bulimia
Binge eating disorder
A
Binge eating disorder
16
Q
Which of the following neurochemicals has NOT been linked to eating disorders? Serotonin GABA Dopamine Endogenous opioids
A
GABA
17
Q
Christine is very afraid of becoming fat. She finds that, when she is able to go a whole day without eating, her fears about becoming fat are greatly reduced. Christine is experiencing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for going all day without eating. Positive punishment Negative punishment Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement
A
Negative reinforcement
18
Q
Jenny has been trying to lose weight. She just ate a nacho chip from her friend’s plate. Which of the following statements on Jenny’s part illustrates the abstinence violation effect?
I’m weak. I’ll never be able to lose weight.
All my friends are eating nachos. Why shouldn’t I?
Oh well. One nacho won’t hurt me.
I blew it. I may as well eat the rest of them.
A
I blew it. I may as well eat the rest of them.
19
Q
Which of the following factors has been found to predict binge eating? Stress Negative affect Restrained eating All of the above
A
All of the above
20
Q
Who will perform WORST on a math test?
Katie, who has been asked to try on a sweater before taking the test
Chloe, who has been asked to try on a swimsuit before taking the test
Ben, who has been asked to try on a sweater before taking the test
Danny, who has been asked to try on a swimsuit before taking the test
A
Chloe, who has been asked to try on a swimsuit before taking the test
21
Q
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Longitudinal research suggests that, as women age, they become more concerned with weight and diet more often.
Developing nations have higher rates of eating disorder than industrialized nations.
In the US, Caucasian women are more likely to experience body dissatisfaction than African American women.
In the US, the gap in the incidence of eating disorders among white women and women of color is increasing.
A
In the US, Caucasian women are more likely to experience body dissatisfaction than African American women.
22
Q
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Personality traits affect eating behavior.
Eating behavior affects personality traits.
Both of the above
Neither of the above
A
Both of the above
23
Q
Which of the following treatments is effective for anorexia? Cognitive-behavioral therapy Antidepressant medication Family therapy Both A and C
A
Both A and C
24
Q
Which of the following statements about the treatment of bulimia is TRUE?
Antidepressant treatment is more effective than CBT
CBT is more effective than antidepressant medication
A
CBT is more effective than antidepressant medication
25
```
Which of the following is a symptom of inattention?
Making careless mistakes
Talking excessively
Having trouble taking turns
Fidgeting
```
Making careless mistakes
26
Which of the following is a symptom of hyperactivity?
Not appearing to listen when one is spoken to directly
Failing to finish work, chores, etc.
Losing things needed for tasks and activities
Getting up from one’s seat, when remaining seated is expected
Getting up from one’s seat, when remaining seated is expected
27
```
In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, a person must have shown impairment in at least 2 or more settings before age _____.
6
9
12
15
```
12
28
```
What is the prevalence of ADHD?
0.5% - 1%
8% - 11%
10% - 13%
20% - 22%
```
8% - 11%
29
```
Siblings of children with ADHD are _____ more likely to have the disorder.
No
1-2x
3-4x
5-6x
```
3-4x
30
```
What area of the brain has been implicated as playing a causal role in ADHD?
Frontal cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
```
Frontal cortex
31
The difficult family environment that is more common among children with ADHD may _____
Be a cause of the child’s ADHD
Be a reaction to the child’s ADHD
Be the result of a genetic predisposition to problems with a lack of control shared by the family members
All of the above
Be the result of a genetic predisposition to problems with a lack of control shared by the family members
32
```
What percentage of children with ADHD respond positively to stimulant medications?
15%
35%
55%
75%
```
75%
33
Which of the following is probably the most effective treatment for ADHD?
Behavioral therapy
Medication
Behavioral therapy plus medication
Behavioral therapy plus medication
34
```
What is the term for interactions that require two people to pay attention to each other?
Joint attention
Simultaneous attention
Other-focused attention
Reciprocal attention
```
Joint attention
35
What is the theory of mind?
The understanding that other people have different desires, beliefs, intentions, and emotions than oneself
The belief that the mind is separate from the brain
The theory the mind is a spiritual, non-physical entity
The understanding that the mind works much like a computer.
The understanding that other people have different desires, beliefs, intentions, and emotions than oneself
36
Which of the following is an example of a repetitive or ritualistic behavior?
Reversing one’s pronouns
Flapping one’s hands
Difficulties in understanding nonverbal communication
The absence of interest in peers
Flapping one’s hands
37
Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
Deficits in nonverbal communication used for social interaction
Diminished ability to experience pleasure
Deficits in the ability to develop and understand social relationships
Hypo- or hyperreactivity to sensory input
Diminished ability to experience pleasure
38
Which of the following statements about the intellectual abilities of individuals with autism spectrum disorder is TRUE?
Less than 20% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder show intellectual impairment
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder perform better on tests of visual-spatial abilities than tests of language abilities
Approximately 50% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder show exceptional abilities in one area (such as math or music)
Individuals with autism show delays in gross motor development.
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder perform better on tests of visual-spatial abilities than tests of language abilities
39
```
What is the prevalence of autism?
1 out of 1110 (.09%)
1 out of 110 (.9%)
1 out of 75 (1.3%)
1 out of 50 (2%)
```
1 out of 110 (.9%)
40
Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is TRUE?
The DZ twin concordance rate for is approximately equal to the MZ twin concordance rate.
Researchers estimate that the heritability of autism spectrum disorder is approximately 40%
Siblings of individuals with autism often experience deficits in social interaction and communication.
All of the above
Siblings of individuals with autism often experience deficits in social interaction and communication.
41
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Systematizing is the drive to analyze or construct a system.
Children with Asperger’s disorder score higher than typically developing children on a test of understanding mechanics.
Math students are more likely to have autism than humanities students.
A study in England found that the families of children with autism were more likely (than control group families) to include artists.
A study in England found that the families of children with autism were more likely (than control group families) to include artists.
42
What is the assortative mating hypothesis, as applied to autism spectrum disorder?
Individuals with autism are less likely to reproduce than individuals without autism.
When people who are technically-minded reproduce with other people who are technically-minded, they may pass on genes that increase the risk of developing autism.
When people who have autism date, they become too focused on the technical details of the date.
When people have children later in life, their offspring show increased rates of autism.
When people who are technically-minded reproduce with other people who are technically-minded, they may pass on genes that increase the risk of developing autism.
43
```
The brains of individuals with autism are __________ than the brain of individuals without autism.
Are larger
Are smaller
Are less dense
Show more convolutions
```
Are larger
44
```
Which category of medication is most often used to treat autism?
Antidepressant medications
Antianxiety medications
Anticonvulsant medications
Antipsychotic medications
```
Antipsychotic medications
45
Which of the following statements about the treatment of autism is FALSE?
Effective treatments are based on the principles of operant conditioning
Parent training is less important than clinic treatment
Behavioral treatments have been shown to increase IQ, language, and daily living skills
Medication alone is less effective than behavioral treatment
Parent training is less important than clinic treatment
46
```
Externalizing disorders include all of the following EXCEPT
ADHD
oppositional defiant disorder
conduct disorder
social withdrawal
```
social withdrawal
47
As compared to developmentally normal levels of hyperactivity, diagnosable hyperactivity
impairs the child's functioning.
negatively affects the child's ability to mature appropriately.
is treatable only with medication.
all of the above
impairs the child's functioning.
48
Epidemiological studies indicate that ADHD is
about equally common in boys and girls.
more common in boys.
more common in girls.
more common in girls with conduct disorder but in boys with oppositional defiant disorder.
more common in boys.
49
. The association between nicotine and ADHD is that
1) children's smoking can cause attention problems.
2) maternal smoking can cause hyperactivity in offspring.
3) nicotine in pill form reduces the side effects of Ritalin.
4) the combination of Ritalin and nicotine has been shown to cause dangerous synergistic effects in adults with ADHD
maternal smoking can cause hyperactivity in offspring.
50
Shannon, a junior in high school, was recently suspended from school for stealing money from ninth-graders, writing graffiti on the bathroom walls, and beating up another student. Shannon's teacher reports that she has very few friends. The most likely diagnosis for Shannon would be
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
antisocial personality disorder.
oppositional defiant disorder.
conduct disorder
conduct disorder
51
```
Both __________ and __________ theories of the etiology of conduct disorder have empirical support.
genetic; environmental
behavioral; psychoanalytic
biochemical; behavioral
labeling; biological
```
genetic; environmental
52
Children with learning disabilities typically have __________ intelligence.
severely deficient
slightly below average
average to above-average intelligence
none of the above; learning disabilities are equally distributed across all levels of intelligence
average to above-average intelligence
53
```
The DSM-5 diagnosis of intellectual disability requires both low intellectual functioning and
poor social skills.
poor adaptive functioning
poor academic achievement.
inability to hold a job.
```
poor adaptive functioning
54
```
. Studies of treatment for childhood fears and phobias suggest that the best treatment is
based on exposure methods.
relaxation.
insight-oriented therapy.
parent training.
```
based on exposure methods.
55
Cognitive therapy in children with intellectual disability
is the primary method used for teaching them self-care skills.
is combined with insight therapies to help them understand and cope with rejection.
focuses on teaching the children to use self-instructions to guide their problem solving
is inappropriate, since such children are unable to grasp the concepts.
focuses on teaching the children to use self-instructions to guide their problem solving
56
```
What is the best diagnostic label for Misha? At six years of age, she does not play with other children and turns away when they approach her. She spends much of her time spinning a pencil endlessly in her fingers. She does not talk to others although she does sing jingles from TV commercials.
intellectual disability
expressive language disorder
autism spectrum disorder
separation anxiety disorder
```
autism spectrum disorder
57
At the present time, medication interventions are __________ behavioral intervention programs in treating autism.
less effective than
more effective than
as effective as
none of the above; effectiveness depends on the individual patient's characteristics
less effective than
58
The three features that are required for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:
restriction of behaviors that lead to very low body weight
intense fear of gaining weight and being fat
body weight is normal
distorted body image
body weight is normal
59
The DSM-5 diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa requires that the episodes of bingeing occur:
at least once a week for 6 months
at least once a month for 6 months
at least once a week for 3 months
at least once a month for 3 months
at least once a week for 3 months
60
Which of the following is defined, in part, by the absence of purging?
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
purging occurs in all of these conditions
binge eating disorder
61
In the opening case study, Lynne, the 24-year-old who weighted only 78 pounds, was admitted to the psychiatric ward of general hospital for the treatment of:
depression.
anorexia nervosa.
anxiety.
bulimia nervosa.
anorexia nervosa.
62
Many cultures, including the United States, are preoccupied with food. Evidence of this fact includes all of the following EXCEPT:
number of restaurants available
food magazines
cooking shows on television
number of diet books on the market
number of diet books on the market
63
Adelaide, who has bulimia, is being treated solely with fluoxetine (Prozac). If she stops taking the drug, she will most likely
develop anorexia nervosa
maintain normal eating patterns over the long term
become obese
relapse
relapse
64
When those with bulimia nervosa are bingeing they:
- are fully aware of what they are doing and feel shame afterwards
- are not always fully aware of what they are doing and feel shame afterwards
- do not care what they are doing and whether their actions are positive or negative
- none of the above
are not always fully aware of what they are doing and feel shame afterwards
65
Starting with the DSM-IV, eating disorders were listed as
disorders beginning in childhood or adolescence
somatization disorders
a separate diagnostic category
psychological factors affecting medical condition
a separate diagnostic category
66
In 2012, over __________ of men and women in the US were obese.
a third
two thirds
10%
a quarter
a third
67
The distorted body image that accompanies anorexia nervosa is frequently assessed using the:
Eating Disorders Inventory
Ecological Momentary Assessment
Feeding Distortion Inventory
None of the above
Eating Disorders Inventory
68
The difference in the incidence of eating disorders between Caucasian and African Americans has been largely attributed to
genetic factors.
errors in diagnosis.
socioeconomic status rather than race, but this is less true today.
family environment factors
socioeconomic status rather than race, but this is less true today.
69
Feeding and Eating Disorders also include which of the following disorders?
Pica
Rumination Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Both a and b
Both a and b
70
After successful cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia, patients sometimes also
have reduced depression
witness marital conflict in their parents
develop anorexia nervosa
become obese
have reduced depression
71
Margaret, a Canadian, and Rosemary, a Nigerian, are asked to rate the attractiveness of a drawing of an obese woman. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
Rosemary will rate the woman as more attractive than Margaret's rating of the woman.
Margaret will rate the woman as more attractive than Rosemary's rating of the woman.
They will similarly rate the woman as highly unattractive.
They will similarly rate the woman as highly attractive.
Rosemary will rate the woman as more attractive than Margaret's rating of the woman.
72
Regina visits her family physician. Her weight is 90 pounds, although she believes she is overweight. She 'snacks' on laxatives, and restricts her eating to one small meal a day, after which she exercises for two hours. Her physical exam is likely to reveal that she has
calcium deposits
fibroid tumors
improved muscle tone
lowered heart rate and blood pressure
lowered heart rate and blood pressure
73
Which of the following has been shown to lead to reliable long-term maintenance of weight gain in treating anorexia?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
family therapy
psychodynamic therapy
none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain
none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain
74
Anorexia nervosa typically begins in:
adolescence
early childhood
late adulthood
early adulthood
adolescence
75
In anorexia nervosa, ______________ is the most central feature.
emergence of lanugo
refusal to eat
purging leading to very low body weight
restriction of food that leads to very low body weight
restriction of food that leads to very low body weight
76
Eating disorders are usually caused by
sociocultural pressures
neurochemical imbalance
a combination of factors
genetic disposition
a combination of factors
77
A weakness of many of the family studies of eating disorders is that
most rely upon self-report and not direct observation.
limited generalizability, given the laboratory nature of the research.
an inadequate level of attention paid to third variable causes.
an overreliance upon a single theoretical paradigm.
most rely upon self-report and not direct observation.
78
In 2010, a study of over 500,000 women found that __________ was more important in predicting high birth weights than genetic factors
mothers' weight gain during pregnancy
mothers' level of exercise during pregnancy
fathers' weight
none of the above
mothers' weight gain during pregnancy
79
Although the hypothalamus has been considered a part of the biological etiology of anorexia, a limitation of this view is that it does not take into account
hunger and the obsession with food
body image disturbance
fear of becoming fat
all of the above
all of the above
80
Anorexia nervosa implies that those with the disorder become uninterested in food, while the reality is that:
they are repulsed by food
they are preoccupied with food
they like to watch other people eat food
they truly are not interested in food
they are preoccupied with food
81
Eating disorders are more common in women who are
less educated
white
single
urban
white
82
As compared to anorexia nervosa, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is associated with
higher mortality rates
lower mortality rates
equal mortality rates
none of the above; data on mortality caused by eating disorders does not exist
lower mortality rates
83
A recent review of many studies concludes that __________, no matter how it is measured, is higher among girls with anorexia than girls without anorexia, and that it remains high even after successful treatment for anorexia.
perfectionism
neuroticism
introversion
constraint
perfectionism
84
In the DSM-IV-TR, ____________ was viewed as a condition requiring further study, but in the DSM-5 it has its own diagnostic category.
rumination disorder
obsessive eating disorder
pica
binge eating disorder
binge eating disorder
85
Studies show that those with eating disorders __________ more than the average person does.
go to restaurants
ruminate over their problems
focus on food-related words
stay at home
focus on food-related words
86
A biological consequence of anorexia nervosa is
dry skin
kidney and gastrointestinal problems
lanugo
all of the above
all of the above
87
If your sister has anorexia nervosa and you are female,
there is no greater risk to you for developing anorexia nervosa.
you are over twenty times more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
you are over ten times more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
you are over two times more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
you are over ten times more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
88
The textbook authors assert that psychologists need to consider what when evaluating the personalities of people with anorexia and bulimia?
- Severe restriction of food intake can have powerful effects on personality and behavior
- Psychosocial stressors are more important to assess than personality
- How friendly they are
- Personality shouldn't be important when trying to understand an eating disorder
Severe restriction of food intake can have powerful effects on personality and behavior
89
In the cognitive-behavioral view, the non-eating of anorexics is reinforced by
attention of overly concerned family members
reducing anxiety about being fat
increased time and energy for studies
reducing sexual demands from males
reducing anxiety about being fat
90
Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in eating disorders?
- Women are more likely to have both bulimia and anorexia than men.
- Adequate prevalence data on eating disorders has not been collected for men, because men are reluctant to disclose disordered eating patterns.
- Women are more likely to have bulimia, while men are more likely to have anorexia.
- Men are more likely to have bulimia, while women are more likely to have anorexia.
Women are more likely to have both bulimia and anorexia than men
91
Which of the following is most prevalent?
anorexia nervosa, restricting type
binge eating disorder
bulimia nervosa
anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type
binge eating disorder
92
When pointing to their ideal male body type, men with eating disorders chose body types that were:
larger than what the average male chose
they could not report what the difference was
the same size as what the average male chose
smaller than what the average male chose
the same size as what the average male chose
93
Regarding family influences on eating disorders, most anorexics and bulimics report
high levels of familial conflict
high levels of familial support and low levels of familial conflict
low levels of familial support
high levels of familial support
high levels of familial conflict
94
The cognitive-behavioral view of bulimia suggests that binges result from
breaking self-rules about dieting.
excessive desire for peer approval.
not accepting responsibility for actions.
ambivalence over social pressure to be thin.
breaking self-rules about dieting.
95
Studies of perfectionism in anorexia nervosa indicate that which of the following statements would be most typical of an anorexic?
“I must complete all my work before I can enjoy a night out.”
“I've got to show my teacher that I can meet his goal for me of winning the debate championship.”
“I can't stand it when my boyfriend lets me down by not buying me flowers on special occasions.”
“I can't possibly be expected to meet the unrealistically high standards that my parents have set for me.”
“I've got to show my teacher that I can meet his goal for me of winning the debate championship.”
96
The physical consequence associated with binge eating disorder includes all of the following EXCEPT:
kidney failure
joint/muscle problems
breathing problems
cardiovascular problems
kidney failure
97
Eating disorders carry a stigma. In a recent research study, participants read vignettes about a woman with an eating disorder or a woman with depression. Compared to the woman with depression, the woman with an eating disorder was viewed as:
more responsible for her condition
less fragile
less likely to be trying to get attention with her disorder
none of the above
more responsible for her condition
98
Betsy is excessively concerned that she is becoming fat and restricts her eating to avoid such a consequence. She weighs approximately 20% less than normal body weight given her height. At times, she will sit down with her family and eat a full meal, but immediately afterwards takes several laxatives. Betsy most likely has
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
anorexia, restricting type
anorexia, binge-eating-purging type
anorexia, binge-eating-purging type
99
Prior to the onset of bulimia, sufferers often
have anorexia nervosa
have attempted suicide
are overweight and dieting
have higher than normal levels of serotonin
are overweight and dieting
100
Which of the following brain mechanisms have been implicated in anorexia?
- With puberty, the dramatic increase in female hormones damages centers that control eating in the thalamus and pituitary.
- Excessive exercise depletes the brain of neurotransmitters utilized by areas that regulate hunger or satiation.
- Starvation releases natural pain-reducing opioids producing a high, which reinforces not eating.
- Stress-released hormones reduce the sensitivity of receptors that detect blood-sugar levels and release hormones that induce hunger.
Starvation releases natural pain-reducing opioids producing a high, which reinforces not eating.
101
Genetic influences on eating disorders are
not important for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
not important for obesity
a substantial factor
a minor factor
a substantial factor
102
A recent area of research in eating disorders has been
concerns with self-focused attention.
associated fears such as phobias or other anxiety disorders.
child abuse and the link to eating disorders.
actual eating habits
child abuse and the link to eating disorders.
103
Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of preventive intervention for eating disorders?
risk factor approach
de-emphasizing sociocultural influences
psychoeducational approaches
banning junk foods from elementary schools
banning junk foods from elementary schools
104
Beatrice has lost control of her eating. She gorges on huge amounts of high-fat fast foods, eating as much as 2000 calories in 30 minutes. She is gaining weight rapidly, and weighs over 170 pounds. Which disorder best fits Beatrice's symptoms?
binge eating disorder
bulimia nervosa
anorexia nervosa
obesity
binge eating disorder
105
Anorexia nervosa occurs:
30 times more frequently in women than it does in men
20 times more frequently in women than it does in men
10 times more frequently in women than it does in men
equally in men and women
10 times more frequently in women than it does in men
106
What is the most likely prognosis for a woman with anorexia nervosa?
:
She will never recover.
She will regain normal weight as she enters puberty.
She will recover within a year with no relapses.
She will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years.
She will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years.
107
Review of the anorexia nervosa subtype literature for the preparation of the DSM-5 concluded that they had:
high reliability
low reliability
low predictive validity
high predictive validity
low predictive validity
108
People with anorexia nervosa
stop eating because of an abnormal increase in blood sugar, which alters their perceptions of hunger.
stop eating but do not lose weight.
have lost their appetite, leading them to stop eating.
fear gaining weight so much that they stop eating
fear gaining weight so much that they stop eating
109
The physical consequences of bulimia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:
loss of dental enamel
irregular heartbeat
colon cancer
menstrual problems
colon cancer
110
Risk factors associated with developing binge eating disorder include:
childhood obesity
critical comment regarding being overweight
childhood physical or sexual abuse
all of the above
all of the above
111
The normal BMI for a woman is:
15-20
20-25
25-30
none of the above
20-25
112
A group of college students reads a case study about a woman who is 5'6”, weighs 105 pounds, and is experiencing amenorrhea. Recent research suggests that these students are more likely to believe her symptoms are a result of an eating disorder
if her race is presented as Hispanic.
if her race is presented as Caucasian.
if her race is presented as Native American.
if her socioeconomic status is presented as middle class.
if her race is presented as Caucasian.
113
Cathy stopped eating meals over two months ago. Now she eats very little, and only when under some family pressure. She has lost over 22 pounds, and is now about 15% below normal body weight for her height. She probably has
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
anorexia, binge-eating-purging type
anorexia, restricting type
anorexia, restricting type
114
The loss of menstrual period is known as:
dysmenorrhea
amenorrhea
premenstrual syndrome
fibrosis
amenorrhea
115
Lydia is a white, upper-class woman with anorexia. Which of the following is most likely to also be true of Lydia?
She also has bipolar disorder.
She also has bulimia.
She reads many women's magazines.
She has dieted before.
She has dieted before.
116
Individuals with binge eating disorder are
more likely to be African American than Caucasian
more likely to be men than women
often obese
relatively confident with their body image
often obese
117
Combined hospital treatment and cognitive behavior therapy of anorexia nervosa has been effective in
maintaining improvements in symptoms for up to one year.
producing short-term weight gain only.
building skills to resist social pressures.
encouraging compliance with medication treatment.
maintaining improvements in symptoms for up to one year.
118
CBT for binge eating emphasizes:
self-monitoring
self-control
problem-solving in eating
all of the above
all of the above
119
The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include each of the following except:
Fear of weight gain
Distorted body image
Restriction of food leading to very low body weight
Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea
120
Which is NOT a disadvantage of medication in the treatment of bulimia?
relapses when medication is stopped
it controls only bingeing, not purging
unpleasant side effects
high dropout rates
it controls only bingeing, not purging
121
In bulimia nervosa, binge eating typically occurs
while alone
after stress
after a negative social interaction
all of the above
all of the above
122
Paula scored higher on a measure of dietary restraint than did Roberta. Based on this information, recent research suggests that
Roberta will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.
Paula would be more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
Paula will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.
Roberta would be more likely to have bulimia nervosa.
Paula will probably exhibit greater dopamine activity in her brain when presented with food.
123
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa is effective
half of the time or less
if combined with drug treatment
but with high relapse rates
if family and friends are supportive
if family and friends are supportive
124
__________ refers to a loss of appetite, while __________ indicates that it is due to emotional reasons.
anorexia, bulimia
nervosa, anorexia
anorexia, nervosa
bulimia, anorexia
anorexia, nervosa
125
The principal form of psychological treatment for anorexia nervosa is
social skills training
providing a safe inpatient environment
family therapy
reinforcing appropriate eating behaviors
family therapy
126
Recent research has begun to focus on the role of __________ in eating behavior.
estrogen
epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine
dopamine
127
In treating bulimia nervosa, the overall goal is to teach the individual to
develop normal eating patterns
monitor caloric intake
accept their natural shape
have other social outlets
develop normal eating patterns
128
The three features that are required for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:
intense fear of gaining weight and being fat
restriction of behaviors that lead to very low body weight
distorted body image
body weight is normal
body weight is normal
129
The DSM-5 categorizes bulimia nervosa as
a subtype of binge eating disorder
an organic mental disorder
a subtype of anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder separate from anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder separate from anorexia nervosa
130
Recent studies on cognitive-behavioral factors involved in bulimia nervosa have shown that bingeing and purging may function as means of
relieving stress and negative affect
increasing energy and thus mood
distracting oneself from inner pain
feeling in control of the situation
relieving stress and negative affect
131
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the combined use of CBT and medications for bulimia?
- Adding drug treatment to CBT sometimes enhances the effectiveness of CBT for alleviating the co-occurring depression.
- Over 75% of bulimic patients recover after receiving CBT.
- Interpersonal therapy works more quickly and more effectively than CBT.
- Medication alone is more effective than CBT.
Adding drug treatment to CBT sometimes enhances the effectiveness of CBT for alleviating the co-occurring depression.
132
Which of the following is a form of cognitive behavior therapy that has some proven success in treating eating disorders?
guided self-help CBT
documentation CBT
family-oriented CBT
none of the above
guided self-help CBT
133
Drug treatment of bulimia nervosa is most significantly limited by
```
Selected Answer:
Correct
dropping out of treatment
Answers:
the lack of demonstrated effectiveness of the drugs
Correct
dropping out of treatment
addiction
the resulting obesity
```
dropping out of treatment
134
Family-based therapy focuses on all of the following EXCEPT:
building up family functioning in the context of adolescent development
helping parents restore their daughter to a healthy weight
individual treatment for family members
helping parents understand normal adolescent development
individual treatment for family members
135
The principal form of psychological treatment for anorexia nervosa is
family therapy
reinforcing appropriate eating behaviors
providing a safe inpatient environment
social skills training
family therapy
136
Most people with anorexia nervosa
do not lose their appetite or interest in food
lose both their appetite and interest in food
lose their appetite
lose their interest in food
do not lose their appetite or interest in food
137
The DSM-5 categorizes eating disorders in the ___________ chapter.
Feeding and Eating Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive Compulsive and Trauma Related Disorders
Substance Use Disorders
Feeding and Eating Disorders
138
The first step in treating severe cases of anorexia nervosa is
hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
medication to reduce anxiety about eating
education on the importance of a well-balanced diet
assessment to identify causes and plan individualized treatment
hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
139
Research regarding the role of the hypothalamus in anorexia nervosa indicates that
- the hypothalamus appears to be overactive in people with anorexia, leading to binge eating.
- the hypothalamus is damaged in most individuals with anorexia.
- dysfunction in the hypothalamus does not seem to be an important factor in anorexia.
- hypothalamus dysfunction is the most likely explanation for the fact that people with anorexia do not experience hunger.
dysfunction in the hypothalamus does not seem to be an important factor in anorexia.
140
Research has found that in those with anorexia nervosa, endogenous opioids
are decreased by bingeing, leading to euphoria
are at high levels, leading to euphoria
are at low levels, leading to euphoria
are released by purging, leading to euphoria
are at high levels, leading to euphoria
141
The DSM-5 moves which category of disorders to the adult collection of disorders?
motor disorders
eating disorders
anxiety disorders
attachment disorders
anxiety disorders
142
Multisystemic therapy
- is multifaceted in the sense that multiple approaches to family intervention are applied.
- focuses solely on the conduct disordered child.
- is based upon intervention in ecologically valid settings such as home, school, or peer group.
- is a combination of medication and individual therapy.
is based upon intervention in ecologically valid settings such as home, school, or peer group.
143
A “high-functioning” individual with autism spectrum disorder most likely has
an IQ score of over 80.
a peer group and is able to attend regular schools.
a very good long-term memory.
an IQ score of over 130
an IQ score of over 80.
144
Externalizing problems are more frequent in __________, and internalizing problems are more frequent in __________, regardless of culture.
boys; girls
girls; boys
boys; boys
Gender distribution varies widely in different cultures.
boys; girls
145
Although low birth weight is a predictor of the development of ADHD, __________ has been shown to help reduce the impact of low birth weight on later symptoms of ADHD.
maternal warmth
breast-feeding
vitamin C
nicotine
maternal warmth
146
Children with learning disabilities typically have __________ intelligence.
severely deficient
slightly below average
average to above-average intelligence
none of the above; learning disabilities are equally distributed across all levels of intelligence
average to above-average intelligence
147
According to Oliver Sacks, Temple Grandin, despite her great successes,
may have a different form of psychopathology.
still struggles with severe symptoms and appears depressed.
does not appear to understand social interactions.
is actually completely recovered from autism, thus her ability to succeed.
does not appear to understand social interactions.
148
A diagnosis of intellectual developmental disorder may not be made if the problem begins
after age 6.
after age 12.
after age 21.
after age 18
after age 18
149
Cognitive-behavior therapy in children with intellectual disability
is combined with insight therapies to help them understand and cope with rejection.
focuses on teaching the children to use self-instruction to guide their academic efforts.
is the primary method used for teaching them self-care skills.
is inappropriate, since such children are unable to grasp the concepts.
focuses on teaching the children to use self-instruction to guide their academic efforts
150
Neurological studies have found abnormalities in which part of the brains of autistic individuals?
cerebellum
limbic system
prefrontal cortex
left hemisphere language centers
cerebellum
151
Which of the following has been shown to be a promising treatment for conduct disorders?
covert desensitization
medication
juvenile justice programs
parent-management training
parent-management training
152
Abnormal behavior in children
is typically associated with a lack of control.
is based upon destructiveness at any given age.
can be reliably determined across age groups.
is developmentally determined; that is, normal behavior at one age is abnormal at another.
is developmentally determined; that is, normal behavior at one age is abnormal at another.
153
Which of the following factors were found to be predictive of conduct disorder in a large-scale research study on children from New Zealand?
both maltreatment and low MAOA activity
low birth weight and being male
presence of low MAOA activity
being maltreated as children and low birth weight
both maltreatment and low MAOA activity
154
Autism spectrum disorder is more common among
upper socioeconomic classes.
learning disabled children.
Caucasian children.
boys.
boys.
155
Girls with ADHD
are more likely to be depressed than girls without ADHD.
show deficits in planning and problem solving.
are likely to have symptoms of an eating disorder by adolescence.
all of the above.
all of the above.
156
Wanda, a 12-year-old girl with severe intellectual disability, was taught to dress herself using the following approach: First, her teacher broke down the behavior of getting dressed into a number of smaller steps, like pulling the neck hole over her head, putting her arm into a shirt sleeve, and then putting the other arm in. Each step was then demonstrated to Wanda, and she was rewarded for each small movement toward the goal. This approach is called
behavioral rehearsal.
self-instructional training.
applied behavior analysis.
behavior contracting.
applied behavior analysis.
157
The association between nicotine and ADHD is that
nicotine in pill form reduces the side effects of Ritalin.
children's smoking can cause attention problems.
maternal smoking may play a role in ADHD in offspring.
the combination of Ritalin and nicotine has been shown to have dangerous synergistic effects in adults with ADHD.
maternal smoking may play a role in ADHD in offspring
158
The most important factor in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder appears to be
faulty parenting.
genetic heritability.
auditory and visual deficits.
prenatal hormones.
genetic heritability.
159
Lovaas' program of behavioral treatment of autistic children
takes one full day each week.
requires the child be hospitalized periodically.
has yielded dramatic improvements.
includes parenting skills training for parents
has yielded dramatic improvements.
160
Early behavioral theorists emphasized the role of __________ in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder.
exposure to war or other traumas
well-meaning but overindulgent parents
inadequate parenting
biological factors
inadequate parenting
161
Which of the following statements is true?
- Several genes interacting with various environmental factors most likely explain the cause of ADHD.
- Serotonin has been found to be associated with ADHD etiology.
- Heritability estimates for ADHD are quite low.
- A single gene, such as the dopamine receptor gene DRD4, is most likely responsible for ADHD.
Several genes interacting with various environmental factors most likely explain the cause of ADHD.
162
Which of the following BEST explains the fact that ADHD children and their parents typically struggle with discipline and obeying rules?
- Parents of ADHD children are demanding and disapproving.
- Most parents of ADHD children also have ADHD and are therefore also noncompliant and negative.
- ADHD children do not understand verbal instructions.
- ADHD children are often noncompliant and negative in interactions with their parents.
ADHD children are often noncompliant and negative in interactions with their parents.
163
Head Start
provides meals to needy children.
uses medical and psychological interventions only.
is a federally funded program to prepare low-income children for success in the regular school setting.
is targeted towards children with developing conduct disorder and ADHD.
is a federally funded program to prepare low-income children for success in the regular school setting.
164
Compared to children with ADHD, children with oppositional defiant disorder
are more likely to be male.
are more deliberate in their unruly behavior.
have more attentional deficits.
are more impulsive
are more deliberate in their unruly behavior.
165
Generally, children with intellectual disability show __________ deficits in intellectual functioning while children with autism spectrum disorder show __________ deficits.
primarily social and language; overall
overall; only visual-spatial
visual-spatial; overall
overall; primarily social and language
overall; primarily social and language
166
At the present time, medication interventions are __________ behavioral intervention programs in treating autism.
less effective than
more effective than
as effective as
none of the above; effectiveness depends on the individual patient's characteristics
less effective than
167
Investigations of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins, such as food additives and lead,
-are usually the cause of the disorder in those children with an organic basis to their ADHD.
-cause subtle attentional problems, but not to the degree of ADHD.
-are more likely to cause attentional problems without hyperactivity, but not in those children with both -attentional problems and hyperactivity.
do not explain more than a small percentage of cases.
do not explain more than a small percentage of cases.
168
The worst prognosis is for those children who have
ADHD Predominantly Inattentive-type.
both ADHD and conduct disorder.
only conduct disorder.
only ADHD.
both ADHD and conduct disorder.
169
A disorder that includes behaviors that violate the basic rights of others and violate societal norms is labeled as __________ in the DSM-5.
conduct disorder
reactive anxiety
ADHD
internalizing disorder
conduct disorder
170
Which of the following may explain why an fMRI study of Chinese children with dyslexia failed to find problems in the temporoparietal area of the brain during reading tasks?
This study evaluated only 10 children.
Reading Chinese relies less on visual processing than reading English.
The differences between Chinese and English languages.
The study examining Chinese children used older fMRI techniques.
The differences between Chinese and English languages.
171
What neurotransmitter has been found to be elevated in some autistic children?
fenfluramine
norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
serotonin
172
Studies of treatment for childhood fears and phobias suggest that the best treatment is
parent training.
based on exposure methods.
insight-oriented therapy.
relaxation.
based on exposure methods.
173
In children, ____ manifestations of either hyperactivity-impulsivity or inattentiveness are required for the diagnosis of ADHD, but in adults the number of required symptoms is _____.
4, 6
5, 6
6, 4
6, 5
6, 5
174
Epidemiological studies indicate that ADHD is
more common in boys.
about equally common in boys and girls.
more common in girls.
more common in girls with conduct disorder but in boys with oppositional defiant disorder.
more common in boys.
175
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of oppositional-defiant disorder?
temper tantrums
extreme physical aggressiveness
annoying others deliberately
refusing to follow directions
extreme physical aggressiveness
176
According to learning theorists, aggressive behavior is
both modeled and rewarded in society.
neither modeled nor rewarded in society.
not modeled, but is rewarded in society.
modeled but not rewarded in society.
both modeled and rewarded in society.
177
Generally speaking, children exposed to trauma
do not re-experience the traumatic events or avoid trauma-related situations as adults do.
experience the same symptoms as adults exposed to trauma.
almost always develop PTSD.
rarely develop PTSD.
experience the same symptoms as adults exposed to trauma.
178
Compared to other disadvantaged children who attended a different preschool or no preschool, Head Start children
had similar impulsivity problems.
had significantly improved behavioral and social-cognitive abilities while in the program.
were less socially proactive.
had significantly higher overall IQs.
had significantly improved behavioral and social-cognitive abilities while in the program.
179
The most common medication prescribed for autism is
drugs which lower serotonin levels.
stimulant medication.
antipsychotic medication.
antidepressants.
antipsychotic medication.
180
Which of the following symptoms manifest in children with PTSD, but usually not in adults with PTSD?
sleep problems
hopelessness
extreme temper tantrums
flashbacks
extreme temper tantrums
181
Sociocultural perspectives on conduct disorder suggest
- there are established ethnic differences in antisocial behavior.
- disadvantaged children are very likely to become antisocial.
- early antisocial behavior in combination with socioeconomic disadvantage leads to conduct problems.
- disordered thinking is a result of exposure to antisocial acts among disadvantaged groups.
early antisocial behavior in combination with socioeconomic disadvantage leads to conduct problems.
182
The field of __________ focuses on the disorders of childhood within the context of life-span development.
developmental psychology
developmental psychopathology
developmental illness investigation
adult development
developmental psychopathology
183
The difference between conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder is
the devious, sneaky, behaviors associated with conduct disorder.
conduct disorder is often combined with ADHD, while oppositional defiant disorder is not.
the onset of conduct disorder is earlier.
still a matter of debate.
still a matter of debate.
184
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
distractibility.
difficulty getting along with peers.
poor academic work.
shyness.
shyness.
185
Both __________ and __________ theories of the etiology of conduct disorder have empirical support.
biochemical; behavioral
behavioral; psychoanalytic
genetic; environmental
labeling; biological
genetic; environmental
186
A recent randomized clinical trial comparing Prozac, CBT, and both for teenagers with depression found that
CBT alone was more effective in reducing depressive symptoms.
Prozac alone was most effective in reducing depressive symptoms.
Combined treatment was most effective in reducing depressive symptoms.
CBT alone resulted in more suicide attempts
Combined treatment was most effective in reducing depressive symptoms.
187
__________ disorders are characterized by more outward-directed behaviors.
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Internalizing
Externalizing
Externalizing
188
Autism was first identified by
Eugen Blueler.
Emil Kraepelin.
Sigmund Freud.
Leo Kanner.
Leo Kanner.
189
If a pregnant woman is exposed to an infectious disease, the
fetus will be affected only if the mother is symptomatic while pregnant.
child has a greater chance of developing Down syndrome.
mother's immune system will protect the fetus.
consequences of the disease are most serious during the first trimester.
consequences of the disease are most serious during the first trimester.
190
When most children with ADHD reach adolescence,
other psychiatric disturbances are more prominent than the ADHD.
the severity of symptoms may be reduced, but they continue to meet criteria for the disorder.
their academic performance greatly improves.
their ADHD symptoms typically remit.
the severity of symptoms may be reduced, but they continue to meet criteria for the disorder.
191
The DSM-5 categorizes all of the following as neurodevelopmental disorders EXCEPT
feeding disorders.
motor disorders.
autism spectrum disorders.
learning disorders.
feeding disorders.
192
As compared to developmentally normal levels of hyperactivity, diagnosable hyperactivity
impairs the child's functioning.
negatively affects the child's ability to mature appropriately.
is treatable only with medication.
all of the above.
impairs the child's functioning.
193
The DSM-5 devotes __________ chapters primarily to childhood disorders.
2
4
5
3
2
194
“Fragile X” is commonly due to a
metabolic disorder.
brief period where there was limited exposure to oxygenated air.
fragile psychological state that leads to intellectual disability.
mutation in the X-chromosome.
mutation in the X-chromosome.
195
In the treatment of conduct disorder, the most promising approaches focus on the
legal system.
individual.
school.
family.
family.
196
Seemingly purposeless movements in children repeated over and over that interfere with functioning are known as ____________________________________.
Autism
Conduct disorder
Stereotypic movement disorder
ADHD
Stereotypic movement disorder
197
Stimulant drugs have which of the following effects on hyperactive children?
short-term improvements in attention, goal-directed activity and behavior
increased activity level
immediate and steady improvement in academic achievement
addiction to the medication
short-term improvements in attention, goal-directed activity and behavior
198
When completing face perception or identity tasks, fMRI studies of autistic children have found that
- these children have overactive amygdalae.
- autistic children can easily recognize faces, but just cannot express this knowledge.
- the fusiform gyrus is overactive, indicating that despite -not paying attention to people's faces, these children can identify them.
- the areas of the brain associated with the identification of faces were not activated.
the areas of the brain associated with the identification of faces were not activated.
199
All of the following are examples of internalizing disorders EXCEPT:
social withdrawal.
ruminating.
anxiety.
depression.
ruminating.
200
Rather than including a single diagnosis for dyslexia, the DSM-5
combines it with other problems into Specific Learning Disorders.
clarifies subtypes of reading disorders based on age of onset.
clarifies subtypes of reading disorders based on gender.
includes most reading problems with intellectual disability.
combines it with other problems into Specific Learning Disorders.
201
__________ disorders are characterized by more inward-focused experiences and behaviors.
Internalizing
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Externalizing
Internalizing
202
Twin studies of people with autism
have been inconclusive.
have found between 47 and 90% concordance for ASD between identical twins, compared with concordance rates of 0 to 20% between fraternal twins.
are often carried out with poor methodologies.
none of the above; twin studies have yet to be conducted on this rare disorder.
have found between 47 and 90% concordance for ASD between identical twins, compared with concordance rates of 0 to 20% between fraternal twins.
203
Depressed children and their parents
tend to avoid conflict.
have more negative interactions.
frequently have over involved relationships.
have less supportive relationships, but are generally free of conflict.
have more negative interactions.
204
In a recent study of instant messaging and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), children with ADHD were more likely to IM statements that were __________ than were children without ADHD.
hostile and off the topic
hostile and nonsensical
friendly and off the topic
friendly and nonsensical
hostile and off the topic
205
Symptoms of conduct disorder include all of the following EXCEPT
deceitfulness or theft.
inattentiveness.
aggression to people and animals.
destruction of property.
inattentiveness.
206
You witness a young child in the grocery store kicking and screaming because his mother won't buy him candy. Which of the following DSM- 5 disorders would apply to the child?
It depends on the mother's response; if she gives in, the behavior is probably not a disorder, but the result of poor parenting strategies.
Conduct disorder
There is not enough information provided to make a diagnosis. In addition, it depends on the child's age and other factors.
Oppositional defiant disorder
There is not enough information provided to make a diagnosis. In addition, it depends on the child's age and other factors.
207
The Parkers read about Ivar Lovaas' pioneering work with autistic children and were relieved when he agreed to accept their son into his program. What type of treatment would the Parker's autistic boy be likely to receive in Lovaas' clinic?
behavior therapy based on social-learning principles
a supportive, loving milieu program within a residential setting
careful attention to diet and treatment with fenfluramine
group therapy geared toward encouraging the children to express their anger and frustration more openly
behavior therapy based on social-learning principles
208
Down syndrome is the result of
environmental insult, usually during the birth process.
a recessive-gene disease.
a specific chromosomal abnormality.
none of the above.
a specific chromosomal abnormality
209
Studies of the persistence of ADHD into adulthood indicate that
adults who were diagnosed with ADHD as children usually completely outgrow their symptoms.
the rates of ADHD vary considerably depending on the assessment method employed.
the rates of ADHD appear to increase in adulthood because so many adults seek out diagnosis in order to obtain prescriptions for stimulants like Ritalin.
adults who were diagnosed with ADHD as children are less likely to marry.
the rates of ADHD vary considerably depending on the assessment method employed
210
Research on the role of parenting in the etiology of anxiety disorders in youth suggests
over-controlling parenting almost always results in social phobia in children.
how parents discipline their children has a strong effect on the development of childhood anxiety.
parenting is crucial in determining anxiety in children.
parenting practices play a small role in childhood anxiety.
parenting practices play a small role in childhood anxiety
211
Stimulant medications such as Ritalin
have been shown to be effective for improving at least short-term academic achievement.
have been shown to have equal effectiveness to behavioral training alone.
have been shown to be more effective in white children than Latino or African American children.
all of the above.
have been shown to be effective for improving at least short-term academic achievement.
212
Joan, an autistic child, reacts to her mother's expression of pain by withdrawing from her. This reaction
supports the idea that Joan lacks theory of mind.
is atypical of autistic children.
is Joan's way of expressing sympathy.
is indicative of a more serious disturbance underlying Joan's autism, such as childhood disintegrative disorder.
supports the idea that Joan lacks theory of mind.
213
An autistic person's preoccupation with repetitive and ritualistic acts is thought to be
a kind of stimulating activity.
a form of self-soothing.
akin to compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
tics.
a kind of stimulating activity.
214
Education provided by parents to their autistic children as part of a behavioral treatment program is more effective than education provided by clinics because
parents command more authority.
parents are present in various situations.
parents can ensure that behaviors are targeted in the appropriate sequential manner.
all of the above.
parents are present in various situations.
215
What term is used to describe the following communication? Mother: “Would you like to play with this?” Child: “Would you like to play with this?”
pronoun reversal
alogia
extreme autistic aloneness
echolalia
echolalia
216
Most autistic children are born with
less neurons than normal.
a larger than normal head circumference.
brains of a relatively normal size.
heart problems.
brains of a relatively normal size.
217
Intellectual developmental disorder is diagnosed based upon
a psychiatrist's evaluation.
measures of sensory-motor abilities by a pediatrician.
parent and teacher reports.
psychological test scores.
psychological test scores.
218
Children with specific learning disorder in reading, better known as dyslexia,
often cannot achieve academically.
have global difficulties with reading.
do not have the disorder as adults.
primarily struggle with proper orientation of letters.
have global difficulties with reading.
219
The fundamental characteristic of autism spectrum disorder is
intolerance for routines.
not relating to others.
poor gross motor skills.
intellectual disability.
not relating to others.
220
Sam is a 16-year-old adolescent who feels that he is unable to be an adult, despite the fact that he's nearly 6 feet, 3 inches tall and has grown a beard. Although he led a “normal” childhood, when he was about 11 he began to get into frequent fights at school and has had trouble with the law 10 times. According to Moffitt, Sam would be categorized as having
adolescence-limited conduct problems.
explosive personality disorder.
life-course persistent conduct problems.
antisocial development disorder.
adolescence-limited conduct problems.
221
Conduct disorder in childhood may lead to which adult disorder?
antisocial personality disorder.
schizophrenia.
sadistic personality disorder.
paranoid personality disorder.
antisocial personality disorder.
222
Which of the following has NOT been investigated regarding peers and antisocial behavior?
Competitiveness with peers
Acceptance by peers
Affiliation with deviant peers
Rejection by peers
Competitiveness with peers
223
Penelope is a 9-year-old girl who has had the following symptoms for the past month: lack of interest in her friends, loss of appetite and weight, tearfulness, and difficulty concentrating. Which of the following treatments would most likely be effective in treating her problem?
social skills training
antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy
psychodynamic psychotherapy
multisystemic treatment
antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy
224
When diagnosing a child, it is most important to consider the child's
ethnicity.
gender.
intelligence.
age.
age.
225
Which of the following disorders is classified as an autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-5?
autistic disorder
Asperger's disorder
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
all of the above
all of the above
