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Biologoy > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Invertebrates

A

All animals that do not have a backbone or vertebral column

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2
Q

Chordates

A

Members of the Phylum Chordata. All must have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, a long tail, and pharyngeal pouches

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3
Q

Notochord

A

Long supporting rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord

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4
Q

Pharyngeal pouches

A

Paired structures in the throat region (pharynx)

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5
Q

Vertebrates

A

Chordates with backbones

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6
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

(Negative feedback) the product or result of a process limits the process itself.

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7
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Any number of imaginary planes drawn through the center of the body can divide into equal halves

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8
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

Single imaginary plane divides the body into left-right sides that are symmetrical

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9
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost germ layer, developers the linings of the digestive tract and respiratory system

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10
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle germ layer, give rise to muscles and is much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory organ systems

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11
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outermost germ layer, produces sense organs (nerves and outer layer of skin)

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12
Q

Coelom

A

A body cavity that developed within the mesoderm and is completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm

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13
Q

Pseudocoelom

A

Only partially lined with mesoderm

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14
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg

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15
Q

Blastula

A

Hollow ball of cells

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16
Q

Protostomes

A

The blastopore becomes the mouth

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17
Q

Deuterostomes

A

The blastopore becomes the anus

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18
Q

Caphalization

A

The concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at their anterior end. (Head)

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19
Q

Appendages

A

Structures such as legs or antennae protruding from the body

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20
Q

Larvae (larva)

A

Immature stages

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21
Q

Trochophore

A

Free-swimming larval stage

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22
Q

Cartilage

A

A strong connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone.

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23
Q

Tetrapods

A

Four-limbed vertebrates

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24
Q

Anthropoids

A

Humanlike primates (monkeys, great apes, and humans)

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25
Prehensile tail
Tail that can coil tightly enough around a branch to serve as a “fifth hand”
26
Hominoids
Great apes (gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans)
27
Hominines
Hominoids in the lineage that led to humans
28
Bipedal
Two-footed
29
Opposable thumb
Evolved on the hominine hand that could touch the tips of the fingers, enabling the grasping of objects and the use of tools
30
Intracellular digestion
Digestion of food inside specialized cells that pass nutrients to their cells by diffusion. (Sponges)
31
Extracellular digestion
Process in which food is broken down outside cells in a digestive system and then absorbed
32
Gastrovascular cavity
A single opening through which invertebrates can both ingest food and expel wastes
33
Digestive tract
The tube in which animals can digest foods
34
Rumen
Pouch like extension of their esophagus. Gives animals the ability to regurgitate food that has been partially digested in the rumen
35
Gills
Feathery structures that expose a large surface area of thin, selectively permeable membrane to water
36
Lungs
Organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air
37
Alveoli
Bubble like structure found in the lung’s branches
38
Heart
Hollow muscular organ the pumps blood around the body
39
Open circulatory systems
Blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels as it travels through the body. (Grasshopper)
40
Closed circulatory systems
Blood circulates entirely within blood vessels that extend throughout the body
41
Atrium
Heart chamber that receives blood from the body
42
Ventricle
Heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart into the gills
43
Excretion
The elimination of metabolic wastes, such as ammonia
44
Kidneys
Used to separate wastes and excess water from blood, forms urine
45
Nephridia (nephridium)
Tubelike excretory structures that filter body fluid
46
Malpighian tubules
Absorbed nitrogenous wastes, concentrates the waste, then adds them to digestive wastes traveling through the gut
47
Neurons
Specialized never cells found in the Nervous System
48
Stimulus
Information in an environment that causes an organism to react
49
Sensory neurons
Specialized cells allow animals to detect stimuli
50
Interneurons
Neurons that can pass information to other neurons
51
Response
A specific reaction to a stimulus
52
Motor neurons
Carry “directions” from interneurons to muscles
53
Ganglia
Small structures made up of groups of interneurons
54
Cerebrum
The “thinking” region of the brain
55
Cerebellum
Coordinates movement and controls balance
56
Hydrostatic skeleton
Consists of fluid held in a gastrovascular cavity that can alter the animal’s body shape drastically by working with contractile cells in it’s body wall.
57
Exoskeleton
External skeleton, hard body covering of an arthropod, made up of chitin
58
Molting
When Arthropoda break out of their exoskeleton and grow a new one
59
Endoskeleton
Structural support system within the body
60
Joints
Parts that connect skeleton parts together
61
Ligaments
Strong connective tissue helps keep bones connected
62
Tendon
Attaches muscles to bones
63
Oviparous
Species are those in which embryos developed in eggs outside the parents’ bodies
64
Ovoviviparous
Embryos developed within the mother’s body, but they depend entirely on the yolk sac of their eggs.
65
Viviparous
Embryos obtain nutrients from mother’s body during developement
66
Placenta
A specialized organ that enables exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes between the mother and her developing young
67
Metamorphosis
Developmental process that leads to dramatic changes in shape and form
68
Nymphs
Immature forms, resemble adults but lack functional sexual organs and some adult structures. (Such as wings)

Biologoy (4 decks)

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