Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC 223 > Chapter 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What age is considered early childhood?

A

2-6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Growth rate _____ during preschool years

A

slows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much on average do children gain in height and weight each year?

A

-5-8cm
-2-3kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which organ develops quickest in early childhood?

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What age does the brain attain 75% of its adult weight?

A

age 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What age does the brain reach 90% of its adult weight?

A

age 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes an increase in brain size?

A

nerve myelination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the reticular formation become more myelinated, facilitating ability to read?

A

age 4-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the reticular formation help with?

A

attention span and screening out distractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does visual processing reach adult levels?

A

onset of adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Left-brain

A

-logical analysis
-problem solving
-language
-computation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Right-brain

A

-visual-spacial function
-aesthetic and emotional response
-understanding metaphors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which part of the brain connects the 2 hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Brain Plasticitiy

A

ability to compensate for injury in particular areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What age is plasticity greatest?

A

age 1-2, then declines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What factors enable plasticity?

A

-new dendrite growth (sprouting)
-redundancy of neural connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gross motor skills

A

involve large muscles used in locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do preschoolers acquire motor skills?

A

by teaching themselves and observing other children (imitation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What age do children usually become less restless and sit still longer?

A

between age 2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rough-and-tumble play helps develop…

A

physical and social skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Active parents raise _________ children

A

active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fine motor skills

A

develop gradually and later on - involve small muscles used in manipulation and coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pictorial Stage of drawing

A

age 4-5 when children’s drawings begin to resemble objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When does handedness emerge?

A

infancy - but develops between 7-11 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Being left-handed can be related to:
-dyslexia -stuttering -hypertension -epilepsy -being a math whiz -success in athletics, music, art
26
____% of children age 5-17 are obese
31%
27
Worldwide 8-9 million children die each year from:
-pneumonia -diarrhea -measles -tetanus -whooping cough -TB
28
#1 cause of preschool aged children in Canada from natural causes:
cancer
29
Most common cause of death in early childhood:
motor vehicle accidents
30
How many hours of sleep do children need in a 24 hour period?
12-14 hours
31
Sleep deprived children may experience:
-hyperactivity -aggression -crying -misbehaviour -temperament changes -apetite changes -poor emotional regulation -reduced learning abilities
32
When do nightmares take place?
lighter REM sleep
33
Sleep terrors
extreme nightmares during deep sleep
34
What are sleep terrors often associated with?
stress
35
When do sleep terrors usually resolve?
late adolescence
36
Somnambulism
sleep walking - more common in children than adults
37
Onset of sleepwalking
age 4-8
38
What age are most children toilet trained?
age 2-3
39
Enuresis
failure to control the bladder once the normal age for achieving bladder control has been reached
40
When are children considered enuretic?
when they wet themselves more than 2x per week after age 5
41
Enuresis is associated with...
physical maturity of the bladder
42
Encopresis
lack of control over the bowels
43
Enuresis and encopresis is more common in (boys/girls)?
boys
44
What can cause encopresis?
-chronic constipation -psychological factors (ie. stress)
45
left off at 7.7
46
Piaget's Pre-operational Stage lasts from age...
2-7
47
Symbolic Thought
idea that pre-operational stage is characterized by use of symbols to represent objects and relationships (ie. drawings)
48
When does pretend play usually begin?
age 2 - when child can symbolize objects
49
Object of pretend play:
expressing mental experiences or things they have heard about
50
Imaginary friends are common among:
first born and only children
51
Children with imaginary friends are usually:
-less aggressive -more cooperative -more creative -have more real friends -better at concentrating -more advanced in language development
52
What is a consequence of 1D thinking?
egocentrism
53
Egocentrism in children
idea that children in the pre-operational stage don't understand other people can have different perspectives
54
Transductive reasoning
children reason by going from one isolated event to another
55
Animistic thinking
attributing life and intentions to inanimate objects
56
57
58
Centration
idea that peroperational children focus on one aspect of a problem at a time
59
59
Conservation
properties of substances remain the same even if you change their shaper
60
Class inclusion
inclusion of new objects or categories in broader mental classes
61
Vygotsky said cognitive development is advance by:
-social interaction -parental responsiveness
62
Cognitive Scaffolding
temporary support provided by a teacher to help children learn
63
Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's idea that there is a gap between what children are capable of doing now and what they could do with help from others
64
Theory of Mind
people are mental being and have their own mental states that impact thoughts, wishes, and feelings
65
Appearance-Reality Distinction
understanding of difference between real events, imagined events, misleading appearances
66
Scripts
abstract, generalized accounts of repeated events
67
Autobiographical Memory
memory of specific events
68
Rehearsal
strategy for memory involving mental repetition
69
Preschoolers learn an average of nine new words per ______
day
70
When does the "grammar explosion" occur
age 3
71
Pragmatics
practical aspects of communication
72
Piaget believed __________ precedes __________ development
cognitive; language
73
Vygotsky believed vocalizations and thought are ________ during the first year, and in the second year they combine
separate
74
Inner Speech
Vygotksy idea of internalized thoughts - the binding of language and thought
75

PSYC 223 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions