Chapter 7 Motivation Concepts Power Point Version Flashcards
(54 cards)
_______ is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
Motivation
_______: how hard a person tries
Intensity
________: which direction the effort is headed to
Direction
_______: how long a person can maintains effort
Persistence
The level of varies both between individuals and within individuals at different times.
motivation
Three theories were developed during 1950s to describe employee motivations.
Hierarchy Needs Theory
Two Factor Theory
McClelland’s Theory
Hierarchy Needs Theory by Abraham Maslow
Five needs
Physiological: Safety-security: Social-belongingness Esteem Self-actualization:
_______: Hunger, thirst, sex, etc.
Physiological
________: Safety and protection from physical and emotional harm.
Safety-security
_________: affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.
Social-belongingness
______: internal factors (e.g., self-esteem, autonomy, achievement) and external factors (e.g., status, recognition, attention).
Esteem
________: drive to become what one is capable of becoming (e.g., personal/professional growth, achieving potential, self-fulfillment).
Self-actualization
Relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and links extrinsic factors with job dissatisfaction.Also known as Motivation-Hygiene Theory.
Two Factor Theory by Frederick Herzberg
Limitations
Limited because it relies on self-reports.
Reliability of methodology is questioned.
No overall measure of satisfaction was utilized.
Widely used in Asian countries (e.g., Japan and India)
Two Factor Theory by Frederick Herzberg
States achievement, power, and affiliationare three important needs that help explain motivation of employees.
McClelland’s Theory of Needs
________:the drive to excel, achieve a set of standards in a relationship, and strive to succeed.
Higher level of _____ is related to more positive moods, more interested in the task at hand, and better job performance.
Widely used in organizational behavior, psychology, and general business.
Need for Achievement (nAch)
_______:the need to make others behave in a way they would not behave otherwise.
More familiar to people in broad terms (e.g., a need to obtain any type of power)
Need for power (nPow)
_______: the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.
Groups with a high affinity tend to perform the best, exhibit the most open communication, and experience the least amount of conflict.
Need for affiliation (nAff)
______ has had the best support. However, there are some limitations:
Because ________ argued that the three needs are subconscious—we may rank high on them but not know it—measuring them is not easy.
It has less practical effect than the others.
McClelland’s theory
_________: states people prefer to feel they have control over their actions.
Focus on the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and harmful effects of extrinsic motivation.
Some caution in the use of extrinsic rewards to motivate is wise.
Pursuing goals from intrinsic motives (e.g., a strong interest in the work itself) is more sustaining to human motivation than are extrinsic rewards.
This theory acknowledges that extrinsic rewards can improve even intrinsic motivation under specific circumstances (e.g., monetary bonuses).
Self-determination theory
_________: A version of self-determination theory-when people are paid for work, it feels less like something they want to do and more like something they have to do.
Cognitive evaluation theory
____________:
Goals tell an employee what needs to be done and how much effort is needed.
Evidence suggests:
Specific goals increase performance.
Difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals.
Feedback leads to higher performance than does non-feedback.
Goal Setting Theory by Edwin Locke
________: individuals believe that they can achieve the goal and they want to achieve it.
Goal commitment
______: tasks are simpler and independent.
Task characteristics
