Chapter 9 Foundations of Group Behavior

Question 1

_______: Two or more individuals who are interdependent and interacting to achieve a particular goal(s).

Answer 1

Group

Question 2

__________ is a designated work group with work assignments and established tasks by organizations.

Answer 2

Formal group

Question 3

_______ is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined, emerged in response to the need for social contact.

Answer 3

Informal group

Question 4

_________ considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups.

Answer 4

Social identity theory

Question 5

________ occurs when we see members of our group as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same.

Answer 5

Ingroup favoritism

Question 6

________, which is sometimes everyone else, but is usually an identified group known by the ingroup’s members.

Answer 6

Outgroup

Question 7

__________ (SIT) occurs when members believe they will be personally negatively evaluated because of their association with a devalued group (i.e., outgroup). As a result, they may lose confidence and performance effectiveness.

Answer 7

Social identity threat

Question 8

__________ is a set of phases that groups go through and has transitions between inertia and activity.

Answer 8

Punctuated-Equilibrium Model

Question 9

_____ is a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.

Answer 9

Role

Question 10

_______ is one’s perception of how to act in a given situation.

Answer 10

Role perception

Question 11

______ is how others believe one should act in a given situation.

Answer 11

Role expectations

Question 12

___________ is an unwritten agreement that sets out what a manager expects from an employee, and vice versa.

Answer 12

Psychological contract

Question 13

__________ is very important for organizational outcomes

Answer 13

Psychological contract

Question 14

________ varies among cultures.

Answer 14

Psychological contract

Question 15

_______ is a situation in which a person experiences divergent role expectations.

Answer 15

Role conflict

Question 16

________ is a situation when the expectations of our different, separate groups are in opposition.

Answer 16

Inter-role conflict

Question 17

_____ are acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members.

Answer 17

Norms

Question 18

______ is the adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group.

Answer 18

Conformity

Question 19

_______ is the most important group to which people belong to or hope to belong.

Answer 19

Reference group

Question 20

People feel _______ toward conformity with group norms.

Answer 20

immense pressure

Question 21

________ behavior is a voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms, and in doing so, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members.

Answer 21

Deviant workplace

Question 22

_____:a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.

Answer 22

Status

Question 23

________ states that status is derived from one of three sources:
The power a person wields over others.
A person’s ability to contribute to a group’s goals.
An individual’s personal characteristics.

Answer 23

Status characteristics theory

Question 24

________:high status individuals often have more freedom to deviate from norms.

Answer 24

Status and Norms

Question 25

__________:high status people are often more assertive.

Answer 25

Status and Group Interaction

Question 26

_________: perceived inequity creates disequilibrium and can lead to resentment and deviant behavior.

Answer 26

Status Inequity

Question 27

_________:The status of people you are interacting with might affect how other people view you.

Answer 27

Status and Stigmatization

Question 28

_______: “us and them” mentality and ensuring polarization.

Answer 28

Group Status

Question 29

______ affects the group’s overall behavior.

Answer 29

Group size

Question 30

______ are good for gaining diverse input.

Answer 30

Large groups

Question 31

_____ are better doing something with input.

Answer 31

Smaller groups

Question 32

______ is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone.

Answer 32

Social loafing

Question 33

________ is the degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group.

Answer 33

Group cohesiveness

Question 34

_________ is the degree to which members of the group are similar to, or different from, one another.

Answer 34

Diversity

Question 35

______ is the perceived divisions that split groups into two or more subgroups based on individual differences such as sex, race, age, work experience, and education.

Answer 35

Faultline

Question 36

Strengths of group decision making:

Answer 36

More complete information and knowledge Increased diversity of views Increased acceptance of solutions

Question 37

Weaknesses of group decision making:

Answer 37

Time consuming Conformity pressures Dominance of a few members Ambiguous responsibility

Question 38

_______: more accurate than the average individual in the group

Answer 38

Accuracy

Question 39

______: individuals are superior

Answer 39

Speed

Question 40

_______: group is more effective.

Answer 40

Creativity

Question 41

________: group receives higher level of acceptance.

Answer 41

Acceptance

Question 42

_______: situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.

Answer 42

Groupthink

Question 43

_______ describes the way group members tend to exaggerate their initial positions when discussing a given set of alternatives to arrive at a solution.

Answer 43

Groupshift

Question 44

Members meet face-to-face and rely on both verbal and nonverbal interaction to communicate with each other.

Answer 44

interacting groups

Question 45

________ can overcome pressures for conformity.

Answer 45

Brainstorming

Question 46

The ________ technique restricts discussion or interpersonal communication during the decision-making process.

Answer 46

nominal group