Chapter 7 - Protective Gear and Sports Equipment

Question 1

tort

Answer 1

injured athlete must show that the athletic trainer was negligent in their decision to alter a piece of equipment and that negligence resulted in injury

Question 2

NOCSAE

Answer 2

national operating committee on standards for athlete equipment

established voluntary test standards to reduce head injuries by establishing minimum safety requirements for helmets and face masks

Question 3

how often does NOCSAE recommend recondition and rectifying?

Answer 3

every 2 years if no warranty

a re-conditioned/re-certified helmet can meet standards for many seasons

Question 4

all helmets have

Answer 4

NOCSAE certification - outside warning label

player must read aloud and sign form

Question 5

ice hockey helmets certified by

Answer 5

CSA (Canadian standards association)
or
Hockey Equipment Certification National

Question 6

Glasses and athletes

Answer 6

polycarbonate lenses - unbreakable

hardened glass lenses

Photochromic lenses (tinted)

Question 7

football shoulder pads

Answer 7

cantilevered: bulkier (blocking and tackling); front and rear panels have been extended

noncantilevered - less restrictive in shoulder motion (quarterback and receiver)

Question 8

toe box

Answer 8

1/2 -3/4 inch distance between longest toe and front of shoe

Question 9

sole (layers)

Answer 9

3 layers (spongy, midsole, hard rubber layer)

spongy - shock absorption (under the heel)
midsole - cushions mid foot to toes
hard rubber layer - makes contact with the ground

Question 10

sole w/ flared heel

Answer 10

appropiate for running shoes, not recommended in aerobic or court shoes

Question 11

heel counters

Answer 11

prevents heel from rolling side to side at heel strike

a firm but well fitted heel counter may prevent ankle sprains and painful blisters

Question 12

shoe uppers

Answer 12

combo of nylon and leather
lightweight
quick drying, well ventilated

extra support in saddle area and achilles tendon area, above heel counter

Question 13

arch support

Answer 13

durable yet soft supportive material and should smoothly join with insole

Question 14

price

Answer 14

extra investment is worth the better performance and prevention of injury

Question 15

cleats

Answer 15

no longer than 1/2 inch

specific shoes only worn on turf

cleats placed under 2 major weight bearing joints

Question 16

foot orthotics

Answer 16

plastic, thermoplastic, rubber, sorb ethane, or leather support placed in the shoe to replace existing insole

Question 17

heel cups

Answer 17

used for plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, achilles tendonitis, heel bursitis,

made of hard plastic or spongy rubber

compress fat pad under heel, more cushioning

Question 18

protective knee braces

Answer 18

used prophylactically to prevent injuries to MCL in contact sports

Question 19

rehabilitative knee braces

Answer 19

used following surgery to allow for controlled progressive immobilization (hinges)

Question 20

functional knee braces

Answer 20

worn during and following rehab period to provide support during functional activities

Question 21

neoprene braces with medial/lateral supports

Answer 21

athletes who have injured collateral ligaments and want support

Question 22

neoprene sleeves

Answer 22

provide some support for patellofemoral conditions

Question 23

guaze padding

Answer 23

less versatile than other padding; varied thickness.

used as an absorbent or a makeshift padding

Question 24

cotton

Answer 24

cheapest and most widely used; absorbs, holds emollients, offers a mild padding effect

Question 25

adhesive felt (moleskin)

Answer 25

cushioning and sturdy, very versatile, useful on all body parts

Question 26

felt

Answer 26

matted wool fibers pressed into carrying thickness; comfortable and semi resilient. gives firmer pressure, absorbs sweat and clings to skin. less tendency to move, should be replaced daily

Question 27

foams

Answer 27

different thickness and density resilient, nonabsorbent, protects against compressive forces closed celled preferred because it rebounds some are thermomodable

Question 28

sorbothane

Answer 28

``` new class of foams . high-energy absorbing quality is heavier. generally used in inner soles of shoes, prevents blisters and absorbs ground reaction forces ```

Question 29

Nonyielding materials

Answer 29

thermomoldable plastics - heat forming plastics - heat-setting plastics - heat-plastic foams casting materials, making protective splints or shells

Question 30

heat forming plastics

Answer 30

heat to 140-180 plastic can be accurately molded to body part (Aquaplast or Orthoplast)

Question 31

heat-setting plastic

Answer 31

higher temps for shaping, rigid and more difficult to form. requires a mold Kydex and Nyloplex

Question 32

heat-plastic forms

Answer 32

used as shoe inserts and other padding. | aloplast, plastazote

Question 33

casting materials

Answer 33

fiberglass. uses retina nd catalytic converter plus water to produce hardening effective shells for splints and protective padding

Question 34

adhesives

Answer 34

many cements and glues join plastic to plastic or join other combinations of materials

Question 35

adhesive tape

Answer 35

major tool in holding various materials in place; linen and elastic tape can hold pads to a rigid backing or to adhesive felt. protect against sharp edges

Question 36

customized hard shell pads

Answer 36

thermomoldable plastic sheet, scissors, felt material

Question 37

dynamic splint

Answer 37

provide long-duration tension on a healing structure so it can return to normal function. use thermoplastic, velcro, rubber elastic to provide dynamic assistance

Question 38

fitting a helmet

Answer 38

no damages, cracks, dents, check for certification, check for all pieces in place determine what size - tape measure wet their head - simulates sweat snug fit, make sure the helmet doesn't move, ear holes line up, everything covered - forehead, chin, back of head, ears no gaps between padding and skin 3 fingers in between mask and face no twisting, can see, etc

Question 39

fitting shoulder pads

Answer 39

epilet pads - covers deltoid AC joint to Ac joint for measuring across the back shoulder range of motion - pads shouldn't shift buckled up, all the pieces there, etc etc

Question 40

heel wedges

Answer 40

used to correct structural deformities

Question 41

shank

Answer 41

between heel and metatarsals, support weight of wearer

Question 42

last (3 types)

Answer 42

straight, curved, semi-curved

Question 43

straight last

Answer 43

filled on the medial side | for those with flat arch or pronators

Question 44

semi curved last

Answer 44

normal foot, small curve on medial side to fit normal arch

Question 45

curved last

Answer 45

provide forefoot stability for those with high arch, or supinators

Question 46

soft materials examples

Answer 46

foams,, felt, adhesive felt, gauze padding,

Question 47

closed cell foams

Answer 47

rebound to original shape quickly,

Question 48

to correct forefoot varus (foot excessively pronates)

Answer 48

rigid orthotic, medial wedge under head of the first metatarsal. small wedge under medial calcaneus

Question 49

to correct structural forefoot valgus (foot excessively supinates)

Answer 49

semirigid orthotic, lateral wedge under head of the 5th metatarsal and small wedge under lateral calcaneus

Question 50

to correct structural rearfoot varus

Answer 50

the orthotic should be semirigid and have a wedge under the medial calcaneus and small wedge under the head of the first metatarsal

Question 51

soft orthotics

Answer 51

wildly available for overuse syndromes

Question 52

semirigid orthotics

Answer 52

made of flexible thermoplastics, rubber and leather. | molded from a neutral cast, made for those with increased symptoms

Question 53

rigid orthotics

Answer 53

functional orthotics | hard plastic, require neutral casting,