Chapter 7: The Nervous System Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Cell bodies form the grey matter of the nervous system
A
True
2
Q
Groups of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are known as
A
Ganglia
3
Q
Node of Ranvier are a feature of
A
Myelinated neurones
4
Q
Area of the neurone that generates action potential
A
Dendrite
5
Q
Chemical that stimulates the postsynaptic membrane
A
Neurotransmitter
6
Q
Sensory receptor that respond to changes in presure
A
Baroreceptor
7
Q
Nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibres
A
Mixed
8
Q
Sensory receptor that responds to chemicals
A
Chemoreceptor
9
Q
Sensory receptor that detects the position of muscles and joints
A
Proprioceptor
10
Q
Nerve that stimulates gland and smooth muscle
A
Autonomic
11
Q
Nerve that carries impulses towards the CNS
A
Afferent
12
Q
Nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS
A
Efferent
13
Q
Astocytes attach to
A
- Neurones
2. Blood vessels
14
Q
One of the components of the blood brain barrier is
A
Astrocytes
15
Q
Schwann cells have a similar function in the peripheral nervous system as these cells have in the Central Nervous System
A
Oligodendrocytes
16
Q
Potassium
A
K+
17
Q
Sodium
A
Na+
18
Q
Presynaptic
A
Postsynaptic
19
Q
Sensory
A
Motor
20
Q
Sympathetic
A
Para-sympathetic
21
Q
Myelinated
A
Non-myelinated
22
Q
Depolarisation
A
Repolarisation
23
Q
Cell Bodies
A
Grey matter
24
Q
Equivalent of the periosteum of other bones
A
Dura mater
25
Forms the filum terminale
Pia mater
26
Surrounds the venous sinuses
Dura mater
27
Contains the epidural space in the spinal cord
Dura mater
28
Contains two layers of dense fibrous tissue
Dura mater
29
Consists of five connective tissue
Pia mater
30
The middle layer of the meninges
Arachnoid mater
31
Layer 1
Skull
32
Layer 2
Dura mater
33
Layer 3
Arachnoid mater
34
Layer 4
Space containing CSF
35
Layer 5
Pia mater
36
Necessary for secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
1. Choroid Plexuses
2. Third ventricle
3. Fourth ventricle
37
CSF circulation is aided by
1. Breathing
2. Pulsing blood vessels
3. Changes in posture
38
CSF normally contains
Albumin, globulin, white blood cells, glucose
39
CSF passes into the blood through the
Arachnoid villi
40
Forms superficial layer of cerebrum
Grey matter
41
Forms deep layer of cerebrum
White matter
42
Deep cleft that divides cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
43
Convolutions of cerebral hemisphers
Gyri
44
Fissures
Sulci
45
Connect corresponding parts of the two cerebral hemisphers
Comissural tacts
46
Connect different parts of one cerebral hemisphere
Association tracts
47
Primary motor area
Motor area
48
Auditory area
Sensory area
49
Parieto-occipital area
Association area
50
Premotor area
Association area
51
Olfactory area
Sensory area
52
Broca's area
Sensory area
53
Prefrontal area
Association area
54
Olfactory area
Sensory area
55
Visual area
Sensory area
56
Perception of hearing
Auditory area
57
Perception of smell
Olfactory area
58
Controls the muscles needed for speech
Broca's area
59
Perception of speech
Wernicke's area
60
Understanding of written language
Parieto-occipital area
61
Perception of pain, touch, pressure
Somatosensory area
62
Understanding the passage of time, normal management of emotions
Prefrontal area
63
The hypothalamus controls secretion of the posterior pituitary gland by
connecting nerve fibres
64
The hypothalamus controls
1. The autonomic nervous system
| 2. appetite
65
The hypothalamus is involved in
body water balance
66
The pons is situated
Below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
67
The cerebellum is involved in coordination of
1. Fine, precise movements
2. Voluntary muscle movements
3. Posture
4. Balance
68
Proprioceptor impulses arise from
Muscles
69
Area of the cerebral cortex where perception of pain and touch occurs
Somatosensory
70
Posterior lobe of the brain
Occipital
71
Term used to describe crossing over of white matter at the medulla oblongata
Decussation
72
Part of the brain stem between the cerebrum and the brain
Diencephalon
73
Fissures in the cerebral cortex
Sulci
74
Area of the medulla which controls the rate and force of the heart beat
Cardiovascular centre
75
Area of the brain that selectively blocks or forwards information to the cerebral cortex
Reticular activating system
76
Area of the skin which sensory receptors contribute to spinal nerve
Dermatome
77
Motor fibres within the brain that pass through the internal capsule form these tracts
Pyramidal
78
Sensory area of the cerebral cortex for perception of smell
Olfactory
79
Part of the brain which coordinates posture and balance
Cerebellum
80
Type of tracts that connect the cerebral cortex to lower parts of the brain or spinal cord
Projection
81
The white matter of the nervous system is made up of
Myelinated fibres
82
Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to
Receptors of the postsynaptic neurone
83
The peripheral nervous system includes
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their branches
84
The peripheral nervous system includes
1. Smooth muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Glands
85
Activity of the SNS is
Fast and involuntary
86
Two neurones conduct impulses to the effector organs
Presynaptic and Postsynaptic
87
The synapses are found within the sympathetic ganglia and the neurotransmitter here is
Acetylcholine
88
SNS activity is associated with
The 'fight or flight' response
89
The following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation
Constriction of the bronchioles
90
Increased peristalsis
PNS
91
Pupil constriction
PNS
92
Increased adrenal gland secretion
SNS
93
Increased salivation
PNS
94
Bronchodilation
SNS
95
Decreased pulse rate
PNS
96
Decreased urine production
SNS
97
Decreased secretion of gastric juice
SNS
98
Structures within the neurone that contain the neurotransmitter
Synaptic vesicles
99
Term that describes nerves that carry impulses towards the spinal cord
Afferent
100
Part of the neurone that receives incoming impulses
Dendrites
101
Sheaf of nerves formed by lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves at the base of the vertebral column
Cauda Equina
102
Outer layer of the meninges
Dura mater
103
Cranial nerves involved in hearing and balance
Vestibulocochlear
104
One of the three pre vertebral ganglia
Coeliac
105
Area of the skin whose sensory receptors contribute to a spinal nerve
Dermatome
106
Organ which when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, augments its activity
Adrenal gland
107
Convolutions of the cerebral hemisphers
Gyri
108
Nerves that form the plexuses
Spinal
109
Type of conduction in a myelinated nerve
Saltatory
110
Accumulation of CSF around the brain
Hydrocephalus
111
Condition that is usually reversible that is evident by drooping of one side of the face
Bell's Palsy
112
Dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord
Syringomyelia
113
Disease that is thought to be caused by the transmission of prion protein
Creutzfeld Jacob
114
Group of disease that affect several peripheral nerves
Polyneuropathy
115
The commonest form of dementia
Alzheimer's disease
116
Inflammation of the meninges
Menigitis
117
Comment neural tube defect that arise in foetal life
Spina bifida
118
The result of hypoxia due to interruption of the blood flow to the brain
Stroke
119
Often caused by rupture of a berry aneurysm
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
120
Condition characterised by lack of control and coordination of muscle movement
Parkinson's disease
121
Caused by the herpes zoster virus that often remains dormant the posterior root ganglia
Shingles
