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Ross & Wilson A&P > Chapter 9: The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: The Endocrine System Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Hormones are synthesised in endocrine glands and secreted in

A

The bloodstream

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2
Q

Hormones act

A

On specific receptors

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3
Q

Hormones on the membrane of distant cells (specific receptors), referred to as

A

Target cells

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4
Q

Homeostasis of the internal environment is controlled partly by

A

The autonomic nervous system and partly by the endocrine system

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5
Q

The release of these hormones varies within a 24 hour period

A
  1. Growth hormone
  2. Thyroid Stimulating hormone
  3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
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6
Q

Levels of which hormones are controlled by negative feedback mechanisms

A
  1. Growth hormone
  2. Thyroid Stimulating hormone
  3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
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7
Q

Level of which hormone is controlled by positive feedback mechanism

A

Prolactin

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8
Q

Which is the most abundant hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary

A

Growth hormone

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9
Q

Secretion of which hormone peaks in adolescence

A

Growth hormone

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10
Q

Circadian rhythm means that regular fluctuations in hormone levels occur over a period of

A

24 hours

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11
Q

Growth hormone stimulates

A
  1. Division of body cells

2. Protein synthesis

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12
Q

T3 is also known as

A

Tri-iodothyronine

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13
Q

Stimulates uterine smooth muscle contractions during childbirth

A

Oxytocin

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14
Q

Stimulates secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum

A

Luteinising hormone

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15
Q

Regulates tissue metabolism

A

Growth hormone

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16
Q

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

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17
Q

Stimulates reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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18
Q

Stimulates production of the sperm in the testes

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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19
Q

Stimulates milk production in the breasts

A

Prolactin

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20
Q

Stimulates thyroid activity

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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21
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones are stored in

A

Axon terminals before their release

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22
Q

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are secreted by

A

The posterior pituitary

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23
Q

Oxytocin acts on

A

Two different target tissues

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24
Q

ADH secretion is influenced by

A

Osmoreceptors

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25
The mineral salt iodine is essential for synthesis of
Thyroid hormones
26
The dietary source for iodine is
Seafood
27
Thyroid hormones are synthesised as large precursor molecules called
Thyroglobulin
28
Thyroglobulin are stored in
Follicles filled with colloid
29
Release of thyroid hormones in the blood is regulated by
Thyroid stimulating hormone
30
Thyroid stimulating hormone is controlled by
A negative feedback system
31
Secretion of thyroid hormones begins during fetal life and increases
At puberty and then remains fairly constant throughout life.
32
Calcitonin, has the opposite effect of
Parathyroid hormone
33
When increased blood calcium levels are needed, this occurs by
1. Increased absorption of calcium in the small intestine | 2. Increased absorption of calcium in the renal tubules
34
What helps to maintain normal levels of calcium in the blood?
1. Blood clotting 2. Cell membrane 3. Neuromuscular activity 4. Normal action of many enzymes
35
An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with
Thyroid gland
36
Secretion is increased by stimulation of the autonomic nervous system
Adrenal medulla
37
The inner layer of the gland
Adrenal medulla
38
Secretion is influenced by circadian rhythm
Adrenal cortex
39
Essential for life
Adrenal cortex
40
Secretion of sex hormones
Adrenal cortex
41
Involved in the short term response to stres
Adrenal medulla
42
Secretion of cholesterol based hormones
Adrenal cortex
43
Secretion stimulated by 'fight or flight' response
Adrenal medulla
44
Insulin and glucagon exert antagonistic effects on
Blood glucose levels
45
Insulin tends to lower blood concentrations of
1. Glucose 2. Amino acids 3. Fatty acids
46
Somatostatin is secreted by
The delta cells of the pancreatic islet
47
Somatostatin inhibits secretion of
Both insulin and glucagon
48
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone released by
The endocrine pancreas
49
Secretion of insulin is stimulated by
High blood glucose levels and parasympathetic stimulation
50
Factors that decrease the stimulation of insulin include the hormones
1. Glucagon 2. Adrenaline 3. Cortisol
51
Insulins main function is to
Lower raised blood nutrient level especially glucose but amino acids and fatty acids
52
Production of milk
Lactation
53
Antidiuretic hormone
Vasopressin
54
Childbirth
Parturition
55
Abnormal milk production
Galactorrhoea
56
Tingling
Parasthesia
57
Breathless
Dyspnoeic
58
No mensturation
Amenorrhoea
59
Great thirst
Polydipsia
60
Pregnancy
Gestation
61
Syndrome caused by hypersecretion of glucorticoid hormones
Cushings
62
May be caused by a benign tumour of the parathyroid glands that secretes excess parathyroid hormone
Hyperparathroidism
63
Type of diabetes associated with hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone
Insipidus
64
Arises as a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus when increased insulin requirements are not met
Ketoacidosis
65
Meaning 'large extremities' a condition caused by excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults
Acromegaly
66
Benign tumour of the adrenal glands that secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline
Phaeochromocytoma
67
Hypothyroidism in adults
Myxoedema
68
Consequence of low aldosterone secretion
Hypoaldosteronism
69
Increased excitability of peripheral nerves caused by hypocalcaemia
Tetany
70
Enlargement of the thyroid associated with dietary iodine deficiency
Goitre
71
Diabetes that arises during pregnancy
Gestational
72
Type of coma associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus, caused by administration of too much insulin in relation to body requirements
Hypoglycaemic
73
Low blood sodium levels
Hyponatraemia
74
Protrusion of the eyeballs seen in hyperthyroidism
Exopthalmos
75
Blood pH lower than normal
Acidosis
76
A condition caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone in children
Gigantism
77
Hormones secreted by the testes
Testosterone
78
Another name for prolactin inhibiting hormone
Dopamine
79
Large precursor molecule of thyroid hormones T3 and T4
Thyroglobulin
80
Low blood calcium levels
Hypocalcaemia
81
Meaning healthcare induced
Iatrogenic
82
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
83
Another name for GHRIH
Somatostatin
84
High blood potassium levels
Hyperkalaemia
85
Normal heart rhythm less than 60bpm
Sinus bradycardia

Ross & Wilson A&P (9 decks)

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