Chapter 8 Flashcards
(20 cards)
10) Menstrual cycle
the cyclic pattern of sex hormone levels in women, maintained through a negative feedback system involving the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ovaries
11) Follicular phase
the first phase of the menstrual cycle, in which the pituitary secretes follicle stimulating hormone, stimulating a follicle in one of the ovaries to secrete estrogen and to bring an egg to maturity.
12) Ovulation
the second phase of the menstrual cycle, in which the follicle ruptures to release the mature egg.
Luteal phase
the third phase of the menstrual cycle, in which the luteinizing hormone stimulates the follicle to turn into a glandular mass of cells called the corpus luteum, which in turn manufactures progesterone.
13) Menstruation
– the final phase of the menstrual cycle when the inner uterine lining (the endometrium) is shed and flows out through the cervix and the vagina.
14) Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
a period of high tension, depression, irritability, and assorted physical symptoms that is said to occur during the days immediately preceding the onset of menstruation.
15) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD
a formal diagnosis included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association that lists a set of psychological symptoms that may occur during the week prior to menstruation.
16) Dysmenorrhea
pain and discomfort during menstruation
17) Prostaglandins
hormone like substances from the lining of the uterus that cause excessive contractions in the uterine muscles, decreased blood flow, and increased sensitivity to pain, all of which contribute to menstrual cramps.
18) Endometriosis
a condition in which endometrial tissue (which normally grows inside the uterus) grows outside of the uterus.
19) Menarche
a girl’s first menstrual period.
20) Sexual objectification –
– a set of attitudes that define female bodies in terms of ideals of beauty and sexual attractiveness.
21) Gonadotropins
– hormones that stimulate the gonads to activity
22) Spermarche
a boy’s first ejaculation
23) Pseudocyesis
pseudopregnancy, characterized by physical symptoms similar to those associated with pregnancy: menstrual disturbance, abdominal enlargement, swelling and tenderness of the breasts, softening of the cervix, enlargement of the uterus, nausea and vomiting, and weight gain.
24) Couvade syndrome
– a syndrome in which expectant fathers suffer from physical symptoms during their wife’s pregnancy of labor
25) Couvade
rituals used in some cultures to express father involvement in the birth process and to protect the mother and infant.
26) Postpartum depression
mild to serious negative emotions experienced by women in the days, weeks, or months after childbirth.
27) Menopause
the cessation of a woman’s menstrual periods during middle age.
28) Andropause
a transition experienced by men in their 70s and 80s that is characterized by a thinning of the ejaculate, a reduction of ejaculatory pressure, and a decrease in the levels of FSH and LH.
