Chapter 8

Question 1

Passive immunity

Answer 1

refers to the acquirement of antibodies from an external source (temporary resistance)

Question 2

Active immunity

Answer 2

refers to production of antibodies by one’s self

Question 3

Natural immunity

Answer 3

refers to the production of antibodies by one’s body without artificial intervention (acquiring pathogen and its antigens naturally)

Question 4

Artificial immunity

Answer 4

refers to the introduction of pathogens and its antigens through vaccines or injections

Question 5

Herd immunity

Answer 5

a high proportion of a population is immunised or has the specific antibodies against an infectious disease, thereby preventing the spread of infection from person to person (protects newborns, AIDS, chemotherapy, elderly)
When a low proportion is immunised, a chain of infection is easily established (rapid spread)

Question 6

Autoimmune disease with reference to autoantibodies

Answer 6

Immune system does not recognise HLA markers (identified as non-self) and attacks their own body cells Autoantibodies- attacks own body’s cells instead of pathogens