Chapter 8 Flashcards
(8 cards)
What does the growth of the corpus callosum do for the brain and body?
Corpus Callosum: fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain
Growth of the corpus callosum makes communication between the hemispheres more efficient allowing children to coordinate the two sides of their brains and hence both sides of their bodies
What does myelination do
Myelination: a fatty coating on the axons that speeds signals between neurons
What is the percentage of left-handed people in the U.S.? How are individuals impacted by being left-handed?
1/10 people in the US are left-handed
Some cultures try to make every child right-handed, this results in their brains being only partly reprogrammed
What are the areas of the brain that deal with emotions- amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and limbic system?
Limbic system: the major system for emotions
Amygdala: a tiny brain structure that registers emotions, both positive and negative, especially fear and anxiety
Hippocampus: A brain structure that is central processor of memory, especially memory of locations. Located next to the amygdala.
Example, a child can remember whether a precious elevator ride was scary or fun
Hypothalamus: A brain area that responds to the amygdala and the hippocampus to produce hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body
Where could fear or panic reactions in adults stem from, according to your text?
If a parent looks worried the child may become fearful, if the sequence recurs with the same variables then the child may become hypersensitive to it and fear from the amygdala will join memories from the hippocampus
Example: Elevators
What is involved in the development of gross and fine motor skills for young children?
Mastery of gross and fine motor skills results not only from maturation but also from extensive active play
Know what the 3 types of prevention are and how to apply them to an example.
Primary prevention: the overall situation is structured to make harm less likely. Primary prevention fosters conditions that reduce everyone’s chance of injury
Includes sidewalks, pedestrian overpasses, traffic circles
Secondary prevention: is more specific , averting harm in high-risk situations or for vulnerable individuals
Reduces high risk situations: school crossing guards and flashing lights on stopped school buses (directed at at risk)
Tertiary prevention: begins after an injury has already occured, limiting damage
Laws against hit-and-run drivers, speedy ambulances, efficient emergency room procedures, and effective follow-up care
What would constitute child maltreatment? How much more does neglect occur than other types of maltreatment?
Child maltreatment: intentional harm to, or avoidable endangerment of, anyone under 18 years of age. (child abuse and child neglect)
Neglect is the most common and most frequently fatal form of child maltreatment
About three times as many neglect as abuse cases occur in the US
