Chapter 8: Psychology of athletic preparation and perforamance

Question 1

refers to a subjective experience of apprehension and uncertainty accompanied by elevated autonomic and voluntary neural outflow and increased endocrine activity

Answer 1

state anxiety

Question 2

a personality variable or disposition relating to the probability that one will perceive an environment as threatening

Answer 2

trait anxiety

Question 3

negative stress

Answer 3

distress

Question 4

positive stress

Answer 4

eustress

Question 5

proposes that as an individuals arousal or state anxiety increases, so too does perforance

Answer 5

drive theory

Question 6

intesnsity and direction of effort

Answer 6

motiviation

Question 7

the levels of optimal arousal for a person with low skill and competitivie experience vs someone of high skill and competitive experience

Answer 7

lower

Question 8

this personality type performs better with lower levels of arousal vs this personality type

Answer 8

introverted

extroverted

Question 9

more complex sport skills are better performed at this level of arousal first simple sport skills

Answer 9

lower

Question 10

relates to the capacity to experience pride in one’s accomplishments ad is characterized by a desire to challenge oneself and evaluate ones abililites

Answer 10

Motive to achieve success (MAS)

Question 11

relates to the desire to protect one’s ego and self-esteem.

Answer 11

motive to avoid failure (MAF)

Question 12

the ability to inhibit awareness of some stimuli in order to process others

Answer 12

selective attention

Question 13

selective attention allows the person to do this

Answer 13

suppress task-irrelevant cues in order to process the task-relevant cues

Question 14

a technique by which psychological and physical arousal are self-regulated thorugh the control of skeletal muscle tension

Answer 14

progressive muscle relaxation

Question 15

consists of a series of exercises designed to produce physical sensations in the body, generally warmth or heaviness. good for older athletes

Answer 15

autogenic training

Question 16

combines mental and physical techniques that allow an athlete to replace a fear response to various cues with a relaxation response

Answer 16

systematic desensitization

Question 17

learned replacement process behind the principle of systematic desensitization is

Answer 17

counter conditionioning

Question 18

belief that one can successfully perform a desired behavior

Answer 18

self-confidence

Question 19

situationally specific form of self-confidence, is the perception of one’s ability to perform a given task in a specific situtation

Answer 19

self-efficacy

Question 20

goals over which achievement the athlete has control

Answer 20

process goal

Question 21

goals over which the athlete has little to no control, such as winning in a competition

Answer 21

outcome goal

Question 22

addresses the skill in its entirety

Answer 22

whole practice

Question 23

seperates the skill into a series of sub components

Answer 23

part practice

Question 24

tasks that are challenging but have low interrelatedness of subcomponents are learned better twith this type of practice

Answer 24

part practice

Question 25

breaks down a task into a series of subcomponents that have clear breaks between them

Answer 25

segmentation

Question 26

breaks the tasks into subcomponents that occur simultaneously

Answer 26

fractionalization

Question 27

adjusts the difficults of the tasks by changing task characteristics such as the execution speed or the equipment used

Answer 27

simplification

Question 28

this method has the athlete practice each subcomponent of the skill multiple times independently, ather all components have been practiced, the skill is practiced in its entirety

Answer 28

pure-part training

Question 29

the athlete practices the first two parts of a movement, then practices the third before completing it with the first two

Answer 29

progressive-part training

Question 30

the athlete practice only the frist part in isolation, then each subsequent part is added until the whole task is integrated

Answer 30

repetitive part training

Question 31

three levels of instruction

Answer 31

explicit instructions guided discovery discovery

Question 32

feedback which is provided to the athlete by the athlete from the senses

Answer 32

intrinsic feedback

Question 33

feedback which is provided to the athlete by either an observer such as a coach or technology such as video or laboratory equipment

Answer 33

augmented feedback

Question 34

provides the athlete with information about the execution of the task goal

Answer 34

knowledge of results

Question 35

provides the athlete with information about their movement pattern

Answer 35

knowledge of performance