Chapter 8 test

Question 1

Middle Class

Answer 1

Social class that arose during the early 1800’s as a result of the market revolution

Question 2

Middle-class family roles included

Answer 2

Work outside the house for men and childcare duties for women

Question 3

Shopkeepers

Answer 3

Members of the American’s new middle class

Question 4

The market revolution lead to three things

Answer 4

1. The rise of the middle class
2. An increased demand for cotton
3. The rise of factories

Question 5

National Trades Union

Answer 5

Organization that campaigned for labor reform

Question 6

Factory workers responded to lower wages and faster production by

Answer 6

Forming labor unions

Question 7

Strike

Answer 7

Tactic used by workers to press for reforms

Question 8

A strike consists of

Answer 8

A refusal to work until demands are met

Question 9

Labor unions

Answer 9

Organizations formed by factory workers to improve their working conditions

Question 10

Irish immigrants

Answer 10

People who came to the U.S. during the 1800’s because famine caused by a disease to a potato crop

Question 11

Germany and Ireland

Answer 11

Countries from which most immigrants came in the mid-1800’s

Question 12

Nativists responded to increased Irish and German immigration with

Answer 12

Violence and demands for limits on immigrant’s rights

Question 13

The Order of the Star-Spangled Banner

Answer 13

Secret society of nativists that lobbied for a 21 year wait for naturalization of immigrants

Question 14

Nativists thought

Answer 14

Germans were clannish

Question 15

Know-Nothing

Answer 15

Party formed by nativists

Question 16

With reapers and other new machines

Answer 16

farm families could cultivate more land with less labor

Question 17

Cotton gin

Answer 17

Invention that helped meet increased demand for cotton

Question 18

Cotton

Answer 18

Agricultural product dominated the economy of the Lower South

Question 19

During the mid 1800s the Cotton Kingdom

Answer 19

Expanded with the growing market

Question 20

The invention of new weaving machines affected the south by

Answer 20

Increasing the need for slave labor

Question 21

The three following were factors in creating the Cotton Kingdom

Answer 21

1. Booming markets for cotton
2. The cotton gin
3. Newly cultivated lands

Question 22

Most wealthy southerners invested in

Answer 22

Purchasing more land and slaves

Question 23

American Colonization Society

Answer 23

Organization established to send African Americans “back” to Africa

Question 24

Three pro-slavery arguments

Answer 24

1. The relationship between master and slave is a devoted one
2. A slave has a more secure life than a northern factory worker does
3. Slavery is essential to a sound southern economy

Question 25

Planters

Answer 25

Members of the South’s small but dominant social class

Question 26

Yeoman farmers

Answer 26

Small landowners who made up the majority of southern whites

Question 27

Free African Americans in the south encountered

Answer 27

Many restrictions

Question 28

Overseers

Answer 28

Plantation supervisors who managed the slaves

Question 29

Gang Labor

Answer 29

Plantation system in which groups of slaves were assigned to do specialized jobs such as plowing or hoeing

Question 30

Three statements about slave labor

Answer 30

1. Most slaves worked in agriculture 2. Some slave worked in skilled crafts 3. Some slaves worked in manufacturing

Question 31

Southern slaves laws rendered

Answer 31

Slaves legally powerless

Question 32

Nat Turner

Answer 32

Slave who led a short-lived, violent uprising in Virginia

Question 33

Nat Turner

Answer 33

Led slave uprisings that resulted in passage of stricter slave codes

Question 34

The Underground Railroad and its conductors

Answer 34

Helped slaves escape

Question 35

Harriet Tubman

Answer 35

Conductor with the Underground Railroad

Question 36

African Americans resisted slavery by doing all of the following

Answer 36

1. Trying to escape 2. Slowing their work pace 3. Openly rebelling

Question 37

Spirituals

Answer 37

Kind of songs that allowed African American slaves to express their deep longing for freedom

Question 38

Enslaved African Americans coped with their situation by

Answer 38

Using humor, music, and folktales to create hope