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Semester 2 exam Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

Business method used to control many companies involved in one stage of manufacturing, such as oil refining

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2
Q

Mother Jones

A

Union organizer for the Knights of Labor

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3
Q

Progressive

A

Movement that sought to enact political, corporate, and social reforms

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4
Q

Laissez-faire capitalism

A

Theory that calls for no government regulation of economic matters

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5
Q

Economies of scale

A

Business principle in which buying supplies and producing goods in bulk lowers production costs and increased profits

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6
Q

Muckrakers

A

Journalists who exposed social ills and political and business corruption

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7
Q

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A

Organization that crusaded for the prohibition of alcohol

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8
Q

Carrie Chapman Catt

A

Suffragist who believed that the vote was only an “opening wedge”

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9
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

Candidate who won the 1912 presidential in part because of a split in the Republican vote

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10
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

Consumer-protection law that requires listing ingredients on labels for medicines and certain other consumer goods

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11
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

Lost the 1896 presidential election despite the support of the Populist Party

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12
Q

African Americans

A

Workers who were confined to the most dangerous factory jobs

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13
Q

Militarism

A

Glorification of armed strength, leading to buildup of powerful weapons

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14
Q

Farmers

A

Group that suffered from shrinking markets and low prices during the 1920’s

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15
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

Black Nationalist leader of the Back-to-Africa movement

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16
Q

Bosnia

A

Country annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908

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17
Q

Allied Powers

A

Group of united powers that included Great Britain and France

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18
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

Candidate who won the 1928 presidential election in part because of his opponent’s political liabilities

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19
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

Did too Little, too late to end the economic crisis

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20
Q

Planned obsolescence

A

Process of intentionally designing products to go out of style

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21
Q

Stock market

A

Produced enormous profits for investors as prices rose

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22
Q

Black Tuesday

A

October 29, 1929 when investors sold over 16 million shares of stock and caused the market to sink even lower

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23
Q

Prohibition

A

Attempted to fight urban problems by banning alcoholic beverages

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24
Q

Flappers

A

“New women” of the 1920s who enjoyed economic independence and challenged conventional behavior

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25
Okies
Nickname for migrant workers from the Dust Bowl region
26
Battan Death March
Forced movement of U.S. troops to prison camps in the Philippines
27
Internment
Relocation and imprisonment of Japanese Americans by the U.S. government
28
John Steinbeck
Portrayed migrant life during the depression in his novel “The Grapes of Wrath”
29
Marian Anderson
Prohibited from preforming at Constitution Hall
30
Superpowers
The United States and Soviet Union after World War II
31
Douglas MacArthur
Supreme Commander and head of U.S. forces that helped administer Japan after the war
32
Freedom Summer
Campaign to expand African American voter registration
33
Woodstock
Marked the high point of the counterculture movement
34
Bay of Pigs
Location of failed invasion by anti-Castro Cuban refugees
35
Zionism
Movement calling for Jewish homeland in Palestine
36
38th Parallel
Border between North Korea and South Korea
37
Richard Nixon
Secretly ordered U.S. bombing of Cambodia
38
Pentagon Papers
Reveled to the American people that the government had often deceived them about the Vietnam war
39
Ngo Dinh Diem
First president of the newly created Republic of Vietnam
40
Lyndon Johnson
President who ordered the Selective Service to carry out the draft
41
Henry Kissinger
Carried out peace negotiations with North Vietnam during President Nixon’s administration
42
War Powers Act
Designed to limit the U.S. President’s ability to wage an undeclared r
43
Camp David Accords
Framework for peace in the Middle East
44
Jimmy Carter
Enacted a foreign policy that emphasized human rights and put economic and diplomatic pressure on violators
45
Patricia Harris
First African American women appointed to a cabinet position
46
Gerald Ford
President whose foreign policies caused worsening relations with the U.S. Congress and with the Soviet Union
47
Iran Hostage Crisis
Diplomatic situation that contributed to Carter’s defeat in the 1980 election
48
Affirmative Action
Programs involving preferential hiring of admission of women and ethnic minorities
49
Businesspeople Marshall Field, R.H. Macy, and John Wanamaker
Pioneered department stores
50
As the 20th century began, Americans were using two new energy sources
Electricity and oil
51
Railroad expansion did all of the following three things
1. Caused the growth of other industries 2. Provided jobs 3. Strengthen national markets
52
Some major problems farmers faced in the late 1800s were
Low farm prices and high farm costs
53
Employers began to blacklist workers and to institute lockouts because
Of violent Union strikes
54
Theodore Roosevelt’s square deal promised all of the following
1. Protection of consumer health 2. Improvement of working conditions 3. Promotion of public safety
55
In the early 20th century
Reform work attracted college-educated women
56
Reformer Florence Kelly helped
Establish child labor laws
57
Under the leadership of Samuel Gompers
The American Federation of Labor supported reforms from within
58
During the war most African Americans were forced to
Serve in segregated military units
59
The Eighteenth Amendment prohibited
The manufacture of importation of alcoholic beverages
60
President Roosevelt fought business corruption by
1. Filing antitrust suits 2. Increasing the ICC’s power 3. Urging passage of consumer-protection laws
61
The introduction of American forces into the war
Saved Paris from falling to the Germans
62
Special interests sought
Tax breaks or other favors from legislators
63
Tensions in the early 20th century stemmed from
1. Nationalism 2. Militarism 3. Imperialism
64
The Treaty of Versailles was not ratified by the United States because
Factions within the Senate disagreed on the inclusion of the League of Nations
65
In Europe the years prior to World War I were marked by
1. Territorial rivalries 2. A rise in nationalism 3. The creation of military alliances
66
The conflict between religious and scientific values was exposed by
The Scopes Trial
67
The first person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic was
Charles Lindbergh
68
Union membership shrank during the 1920s partly as a result of
Business’s promotion of the American plan
69
Because voters were tired of the turbulence of the Wilson years
In 1920 they elected Warren G. Harding
70
The Harlem Renaissance came about because of
A growing sense of black pride
71
The Holocaust was
Nazi Germany’s systematic slaughter of European Jews
72
The Great Depression was caused by
1. Worldwide economic problems 2. Debt 3. Overpopulation
73
Roosevelt attempted to gain the support of the Supreme Court by
Replacing all justices over 70 years old
74
The bank holiday was intended to
Stop bank withdrawals
75
The interior secretary who appointed several African Americans as advisers was
Harold Ickes
76
The U.S. atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally caused
Japan to surrender in August 1945
77
In October 1929 get stock market crashed as
Big investors began selling shares
78
The downward trend in stock prices is called
A bear market
79
Allied victory in the Battle of the Atlantic was due in part to
Refined sonar equipment
80
Examples of nonviolent resistance include
1. Sit-ins 2. Freedom Rides 3. Albany Movement
81
The Nuremberg trials established the principle that
Individuals can be held responsible for their wartime conduct
82
The U.S. policy of helping nations resist conquest by other countries was known as
The Truman Doctrine
83
The Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe led the U.S. to
Adopt a policy of containment
84
The Cold War grew out of
Mutual fear and distrust
85
The Korean War began when
North Korea invaded South Korea
86
The decisions of the Warren Court focused on
Strengthening individual rights
87
The counterculture movement led to all of the following
1. A generation gap 2. Experimentation with drugs 3. Permissive sexual behavior
88
The British Invasion referred to
The influence of English bands such as the Beatles
89
President Eisenhower supported the French in Vietnam because
He feared Communism
90
Prominent beliefs held by many doves included all of the following
1. All war was wrong 2. Vietnam was not important to U.S. national interests 3. U.S. involvement in Vietnam was against wishes for most Vietnamese
90
The Tet offensive
1. Marked a Vietcong’s defeat according to William Westmoreland 2. Jarred American confidence 3. Increased criticism of the war
91
Cold War hostilities increased in 1979 when
The Soviets invaded Afghanistan
92
Carter’s UN ambassador who condemned South African apartheid was
Andrew Young
93
The United States agreed to a cease-fire in
January 1973
94
Nixon resigned from the presidency in order to
Avoid impeachment charges
95
Roe v. Wade overturned a state law limiting
Women’s access to abortion
96
The process of relocating the inhabitants of and destroying South Vietnamese villages was called
Pacification
97
Nixon tried to reverse trends toward liberalism by
Appointing conservative justices to the Supreme Court
98
Americans with disabilities gained new rights through the passage of
The Rehabilitation Act
99
The militant Islamic leader who forced the Shah of Iran into exile was
Ayatollah Khomeini

History (28 decks)

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