Semester 1 exam Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Domestication
A
Adaptation and control of plants and animals
2
Q
Monopoly
A
Exclusive control of trade, market, and industry
3
Q
Paleo-Indians
A
People who crossed Beringia between Siberia and Alaska to become the first American
4
Q
Beringia
A
Land bridge over which the first people to America are thought to have traveled during the last Ice Age
5
Q
Kublai Khan
A
Leader who protected Asian trade routes and opened up China to world trade
6
Q
Roman Empire
A
Civilization whose collapse led to the development of feudalism
7
Q
Treaty of Todesillas
A
Established line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese territories
8
Q
Moctezuma II
A
Aztec leader whose conquered land added territory and wealth to the Spanish American empire
9
Q
Ferdinand and Isabella
A
Spanish monarchs who sponsored Columbus’s expedition
10
Q
Peons
A
Landless laborers who worked on haciendas
11
Q
John Smith
A
Leader who greatly contributed to Jamestown’s survival and prosperity
12
Q
St. Augustine
A
Oldest city established by Europeans in what is now the United States
13
Q
Freemen
A
Adult men who held voting rights based on status as church members and property owners
14
Q
Glorious Revolution
A
Bloodless uprising that resulted in the crowning of a new king and queen of England whose royal power was limited
15
Q
Fur trade
A
Profitable Native American activity that led to competition and conflicts among tribes
16
Q
Iroquois League
A
Confederation of Native Americans, also known as the Six Nations
17
Q
Abolitionists
A
People, such as the Quakers, who opposed slavery
18
Q
Nathaniel Bacon
A
Led violent protest by poor farmers and laborers in Virginia over frontier land
19
Q
Boston Massacre
A
Confrontation over enforcement of the Townshend Acts
20
Q
Loyalists
A
Name for colonists who supported the British
21
Q
Samual Adams
A
Colonial activist involved in the Sons of Liberty
22
Q
Olive Branch Petition
A
Sent to King George III as a last plea for peace
23
Q
Declaration of Independence
A
Document that asserted the right of people to overthrow an unjust government
24
Q
Sons of Liberty
A
Secret committees that protested taxation without representation
25
Tecumseh
Shawnee leader whose dream of a United Native American confederation ended at the Battle of Tippecanoe
26
Capitalism
Economic system based on a free market and private ownership of property
27
Lewis and Clark expedition
Organized to map the Louisiana Territory and list its resources
28
Alien and Sedition Acts
Congressional measures aimed against Republicans and critics of the U.S. government
29
Impressment
Kidnapping of sailors from ships
30
Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers’ protest of a federal tax
31
Gang Labor
Plantation system in which groups of slaves were assigned to do specialized jobs such as plowing or hoeing
32
Strike
Tactic used by workers to press for reforms
33
Labor unions
Organizations formed by factory workers to improve working conditions
34
Cotton
Agricultural product that dominated the economy of the Lower South
35
Nat Turner
Led slave uprisings that resulted in passage of stricter slave codes
36
Overseers
Plantation supervisors who managed the slaves
37
Californios
People driven from the goldfields by Anglos
38
Gold
Sought by forty-niners from all over the world
39
Native Americans
People who suffered many losses from diseases contracted from settlers
40
Mexican cession
Ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
41
Texas Revolution
Conflict triggered by disputes over immigration, slavery, and state power
42
Oregon Trail
Winding, often mountainous road traveled by settlers to the Far West
43
Dred Scott Decision
Ruled that slavery could not be banned in the territories
44
Henry Clay
Congressmen who proposed the Compromise of 1850
45
Emancipation Proclamation
Banned slavery in the Confederate regions only
46
Ulysses S. Grant
General who led the Union army in a war of attrition
47
War of attrition
General Ulysses S. Grant’s military tactics that wore down the Confederates through constant attack
48
Battle of Gettysburg
Conflict that demonstrated the North’s ability to defeat the South
49
Martin Delany
First African American promoted to rank of major
50
First Battle of Bull Run
Battle that proved to both sides the the war would be a long one
51
Sally Louisa Tompkins
Only recognized female officer in the Confederate services
52
Ku Klux Klan
Secret terrorist group formed to prevent African Americans from voting
53
Fifteenth Amendment
Guaranteed the right to vote cannot be denied because of race
54
Jim Crow Laws
Legislation designed to enforce segregation
55
Ida Wells-Barnett
Journalist who openly protested the lynching of African Americans
56
Black codes
Restrictions that limited the freedom of African Americans and attempted to reestablish white control of black labor
57
Ulysses S. Grant
Elected President in 1868 because of African American vote
58
The holy book of Islam is known as the
Qur’an
59
Europeans sought a direct sea route to Asia because Muslim and Italian merchants controlled the trade and
Increased the cost of Asian goods
60
Under the rule of Mongol leader Kublai Khan
Chinas isolation ended, mongols protected Asian trade routes and trade flourished, China became the largest empire in the world
61
The voyage of Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama resulted in
Portuguese control of East-West Trade
62
Similarities between Native American artifacts and those of other cultures have led many scholars to believe that early Native American cultures
Had significant contact with other world cultures
63
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
Imposed a huge debt on Spain
64
At Jamestown, the English were helped by
Wahunsonacock
65
Originally seeking gold and other African natural resources, the Portuguese soon began to trade and profit from
The African slave trade
66
Spanish settlements eventually extended from
Coast to coast in parts of North, Central, and South America
67
One effect of Columbus’s voyage was
The exchange of people, ideas, plants, and animals, between the Americas and the rest of the world
68
Bartolomé de Las Casas urged the Spanish Crown to enact laws to
End Spanish mistreatment of Native Americans
69
Native Americans reacted to the expansion of tobacco farms by
Attacking many English Settlers
70
The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a society based on
The Scriptures
71
Most New England settlers during the 1600s made their living as
Farmers or artisans
72
During the Middle Passage, disease and violence caused the death of many
African captives
73
In protest against a law that attempted to save the British East India Company, colonists
Staged the Boston Tea Party
74
The British government issued the Proclamation of 1763 to
Discourage colonial settlement in territory west of the Appellations
75
What goal did the Revolution achieve?
Colonial independence and self government
76
As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1783
Great Britain officially granted independence to the colonies
77
The authors of the Declaration of Independence hoped to
Win public support for independence, undermine loyalty to King George, outline the principles of a representative government
78
Puritans immigrated to North America to escape the religious conflicts and
Economic depression
79
The Englishman who established a colony as a haven for Quakers and other differing beliefs was
William Penn
80
Many enslaved Africans did not survive the Middle Passage across the Atlantic Ocean as a result of
Suffocation and disease, brutality, suicide
81
What effect did the Battle of Saratoga have on the war?
It convinced some European powers to support the colonists
82
Factory workers responded to lower wages and faster production by
Forming labor unions
83
African Americans resisted slavery by doing all of the following
Trying to escape, slowing work pace, openly rebelling
84
During President Jefferson’s first term in office, the Republican Congress
Did not enforce the Whiskey tax, did not increase military spending, did not expand the army and the navy
85
The Battle of New Orleans was won by U.S. sharpshooters and artillery under the leadership of
Andrew Jackson
86
The act of stirring up of discontent or Rebellion against a government is known as
Sedition
87
The Republicans argued that it was the states’ right to declare a federal law or action unconstitutional in the
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
88
In Plessy v. Ferguson the Supreme Court ruled that
“Separate but equal” facilities did not violate the fourteenth amendment
89
A strike consists of
A refusal to work until demands are met
90
The First Congress accomplished
The passage of a Bill of Rights, the establishment of a federal court system, and the creation of three departments to assist the president
91
What was the primary issue over which the War of 1812 was fought?
Long standing economic and territorial problems with Great Britain
92
The doctrine of popular sovereignty argued that
Citizens of new territories could decide the slavery issue
93
The Underground Railroad and its conductors
Helped slaves escape
94
On April 9, 1865, General Ulysses S. Grant accepted the surrender of Confederate general
Robert E. Lee
95
After the Civil War, the Sough experienced all of the following
Destruction to railroad lines and bridges, loss of homes and barns, spread of disease, especially in cities
96
After the Civil War, African Americans increased their participation in politics to
Protect their rights
97
In 1863 President Lincoln issued the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which
Offered a full pardon to southerners who swore allegiance to the U.S. Constitution and except federal laws on slavery
98
Reconstruction legislatures helped make state governments more democratic by doing all of the following
Guaranteeing white and African American men the right to vote, eliminating property requirements for holders of public offices, abolishing property qualifications for jurors
99
Northern Republicans’ commitment to Reconstruction lessened in part because
They faced economic issues caused by labor demands
100
After Reconstructions, African Americans
We’re deprived of their rights and had few economic opportunities
