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Archaeology 1000 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

external trade

A

something that takes place with the outside world

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2
Q

social organization

A

interactions within a society

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3
Q

trading systems

A

extend widely over boundaries of many independent societies

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4
Q

world system is also known as

A

world economy

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5
Q

world system designates an economic unit

A

joined by trade networks extended beyond the boundaries of individual political units

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6
Q

world systems doesn’t refer to

A

the whole world

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7
Q

the present world system is based on

A

capitalism

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8
Q

exchange of goods implies

A

goods will change hands and its a two way transaction

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9
Q

who established the 3 types of exchange

A

Karl Polanyi

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10
Q

3 types of exchange

A
  1. reciprocity
  2. redistribution
  3. market exchange
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11
Q

reciprocity

A

exchanges that take place between people who are more or less equal

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12
Q

can be seen as gift exchange

A

reciprocity

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13
Q

positive reciprocity

A

takes place between close kin or those who know each other well

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14
Q

negative reciprocity

A

exchange where attempts are made to better the other

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15
Q

operates between strangers or those of socially distance from each other

A

negative reciprocity

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16
Q

redistribution

A

goods are sent the the central power before being distributed to the society

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17
Q

operation of some central organization

A

redistribution

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18
Q

chiefdoms would have operated this way

A

redistribution

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19
Q

features a more highly ordered and central organization of society

A

redistribution

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20
Q

market exchange

A

involves a system of price marking through negotiations

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21
Q

both a central location for exchange AND a sort of social relationship where bargins can happen

A

market exchange

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22
Q

internal socio-political units

A

market exchange

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23
Q

kula network

A

exchange network where a series of relationships between the inhabitants of some islands were cemented by the trade of valuable objects

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24
Q

most of the valuables held by a culture were

A

for display not usually useful

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25
Q

valuables

A

limited range of materials for a society that is seen as high value

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26
Q

prestige goods

A

increase the status of consumers who own or use them

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27
Q

peer-polity interaction

A

used in ceremonial exchanges of non-state societies

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28
Q

exotic animals were often thought to be

A

appropriate gifts for royalty

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29
Q

sphere of exchange

A

objects are allocated to different spheres for transactional purposes

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30
Q

valuables and ordinary commodities were

A

exchanged separately

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31
Q

valuables were exchanged against

A

valuables

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32
Q

commodities were exchanged against

A

commodities

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33
Q

ceremonial exchanges

A

establish and reinforce alliances

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34
Q

the kula system is an example of

A

ceremonial exchanges

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35
Q

competitive exchanges

A

used to settle rivalries

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36
Q

characterization is also known as

A

sourcing

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37
Q

technique that examines characteristic properties of the constituent material

A

characterization

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38
Q

what must be in characterization

A

something about the source of the material that distinguishes its products from those of the sources

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39
Q

characterization depends on

A

the nature of the various potential sources for the material

40
Q

what is a source that’s very different and easily distinguish

A

obsidian

41
Q

what is a source that’s very similar and NOT easily distinguished

A

flint and some metals

42
Q

what is not well suited for characterization

A

organic remains

43
Q

what is needed for a sound basis for characterization

A

ecological mapping

44
Q

what is not a problem for how the raw material has changed during the production of artifacts

A

stone

45
Q

what is a problem for how the raw material has changed during the production of artifacts

A

pottery

46
Q

thin section analysis

A

technique where microscopic thin sections are cut from a stone or potshard

47
Q

thin section analysis is used to determine

A

the source of the material

48
Q

neutron activation analysis

A

depends on the excitation of the nuclei of the atoms when bombarded with slow neurons

49
Q

used in analysis of artifact composition

A

Neutron activation analysis

50
Q

neurons slow down after

A

a set of collisions on atomic nuclei

51
Q

trend surface analysis

A

used to obtain valuable insight into the structure of the data showed on the maps created

52
Q

not the best way to DIRECTLY use and study the data from plotting maps

A

trend surface analysis

53
Q

fall-off analysis

A

quantity of a traded material will decline as the distance from the source increases

54
Q

fall-off analysis shows

A

the mechanism that could have bene used for the material to reach the destination

55
Q

fall-off analysis is produced ONLY by a

A

down the line trading system

56
Q

interaction involves the exchange of

A
  1. goods
  2. information (ideas, symbols, inventions…)
57
Q

interaction sphere

A

analyze interactions that DON’T make assumptions about dominance or subordinance

58
Q

interaction spheres consider different areas

A

as on a more or less equal footing

59
Q

peer-polity interaction are the

A

tokens of wealth and prestige

60
Q

peer-polity interactions are the

A

full range of exchanges taking place between self governing socio-political units in the same region

61
Q

7 aspects of peer-polity interactions

A
  1. competition
  2. competitive emulation
  3. warfare
  4. transmission of innovation
  5. ceremonial exchange of valuables
  6. flow of commodities
  7. language and ethnicity
62
Q

the exchange of what was more important in interaction spheres

A

valuables than ordinary objects

63
Q

widespread exchange of prestige goods was accompanied by what in the Hopewell interaction spheres

A

symbolic system adopted in each independent region

64
Q

first example of interaction spheres

A

Hopewell

65
Q

material elements of trade can show

A

job and place in society

66
Q

objects reflect

A

relations between people

67
Q

what can be used to reconstruct the economy

A

objects

68
Q

2 main issues with trade

A
  1. the economy
  2. objects are markers of social relationships
69
Q

formalist-substantivist debate

A

were ancient economics similar to ours or different?

70
Q

economies were different to ours

A

substantivist

71
Q

economies were similar to ours

A

formalist

72
Q

formal laws that govern economic behavior

A

neo-classical economics

73
Q

neo-classical economics 3 aspects

A
  1. marginal utility
  2. supply and demand
  3. homo economicus
74
Q

marginal utility

A

at a certain point, something that is wanted becomes useless to us

75
Q

example of marginal utility

A

wanting and eating pizza every night for a week = bad for our health

76
Q

supply and demand

A

relationship between the quantity of an object sold at various prices and the quantity that consumers wish to buy

77
Q

when prices are high

A

less buying of the product

78
Q

when prices are low

A

more buying of the product

79
Q

homo economicus

A

people who make rational economic decisions

80
Q

Identifies Formalists and Substantivists

A

Karl Polanyi

81
Q

substantivist

A

no natural laws govern economics

82
Q

economics are rooted in culture that is being studied

A

substantivist

83
Q

key people in how objects mark social relationships

A
  1. marcel Mauss
  2. Thorstein Veblen
  3. Immanuel Wallerstein
84
Q

Immanuel Wallerstein

A

world systems theory

85
Q

world systems theory

A

powerful people are seperated from the gentry of society

86
Q

world systems theory see powerful people as the

A

core

87
Q

world systems theory see other people as the

A

periphery

88
Q

according to the world systems theory, there are different

A

lives and living conditions for the different status of people

89
Q

Thorstein Veblen

A

conspicuous consumption

90
Q

conspicuous consumption

A

powerful people in the society aren’t working and instead waste time and money on activities to further increase status and class

91
Q

examples of conspicuous consumption

A
  1. golf
  2. wine tasting
  3. wasting others time
92
Q

example of conspicuous consumption in archaeology

A
  1. emperors who don’t do anything
  2. slavery
  3. battles at the Amphitheatre
93
Q

Marcel Mauss

A

The gift

94
Q

the gift is an idea about

A

how there is an obligation to return the gift

95
Q

gifts are

A

not free

Archaeology 1000 (11 decks)

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