Chapter 9-Gas exchange Flashcards
What is the gas exchange system
the physiological process by which oxygen is taken in from the environment and exchanged for the waste gas CO2 through respiratory surfaces
LARYNX:
Its the air passageway and produces the voice
-they prevent intake from entering the respiratory system
TRACHEA:
It connects the larynx to the bronchi to the lungs
it conducts air to and from the bronchi
BRONCHI
These are 2 branches from the trachea
-they direct air to the trachea
-they contain bronchioles
BRONCHIOLES
-These are narrower passageways that are able to conduct air to the alveoli from the bronchi and vice versa
ALVEOLI:
These are microscopic chambers and is the site for gas exchange and are thin surfaces and have a good supply to capillaries
CARTILLAGE:
These are circular structures that keep the airway open and air resistance low which prevent them from collapsing as air pressure changes as we breathe
Which passageways in the system contain cartilage
-Trachea
-Bronchus
state the function and location of the ciliated epithelium
-Their function is to sweep mucus, bacteria and microorganisms away from the lungs and into the mouth where it will be digested by the stomach acid
-Located in the respiratory tract and line the trachea bronchi and bronchioles
state the function and location of the goblet cells
Goblet cells produce mucus which trap bacteria, dust and other foreign particles and cilia moves the mucus upwards. they work with mucous glands
they are located on the ciliated epithelium in the respiratory tract
State the function and location of the squamous epithelium
They are located in the alveoli and are thin flat cells which facilitate an easier change of oxygen to the bloodstream
State the function of smooth muscle and location
They help to regulate the flow of air into and out of the lungs by dilating and widening when more air is needed.
-they are in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles
state the function of capillaries
Capillaries provide the exchange site of O2 and CO2 between the air and the bloodstream
Top features of the Alveolus
> > Thin membrane
Good ventilation
Large surface area
Good network of capillaries
Elastic fibres for recoil and expand
How is a steep concentration gradient maintained
Through breathing, air brings in high concentration of O2 and low CO2 while blood brings in the opposite. This results Into a difference in the concentration gradient and it remains steep as diffusion continuously takes place
