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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Chapter 9: Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Joints Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface

A

joint (articulation)

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2
Q

how are joint names derived?

A

typically derived from the names of the bones involved

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3
Q

how are joints classified?

A

according to the amount of movement allowed and the manner in which the bones are bound to each other

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4
Q

immovable joints are called

A

synarthroses

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5
Q

slightly movable joints are called

A

amphiarthroses

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6
Q

freely movable joints are called

A

diarthroses

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7
Q

what are the 4 major joint categories?

A

bony, fibrous, synovial, cartilaginous joints

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8
Q

another name for a bony joint

A

synostosis

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9
Q

immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become, in effect, a single bone; can either occur in fibrous or cartilaginous joints

A

synostosis

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10
Q

another name for fibrous joint

A

synarthrosis/synarthrodial joint

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11
Q

adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other

A

fibrous joints

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12
Q

what are the three kinds of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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13
Q

immobile or slightly mobile fibrous joints in which short collagen fibers bind the bones of the skull to each other

A

sutures

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14
Q

attachment of a tooth to its socket; held in place by fibrous periodontal ligament

A

gomphosis

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15
Q

fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long collagen fibers

A

syndesmosis

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16
Q

example of very mobile syndesmosis

A

interosseus membrane

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17
Q

example of less mobile syndesmosis

A

joint between tibia and fibula

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18
Q

another name for a cartilaginous joint

A

amphiarthroses

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19
Q

what are the two kinds of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondroses and symphyses

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20
Q

what cartilage is used in synchondrosis?

A

hyaline cartilage

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21
Q

what are examples of synchondrosis?

A

temporary joints in the epiphyseal plates in children, first rib attachment to sternum

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22
Q

what kind of cartilage is used for symphysis

A

fibrocartilage

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23
Q

what are examples of symphysis?

A

pubic symphysis joining the right and left pubic bones with interpubic disc; bodies of vertebrae joined by intervertebral discs

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24
Q

joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity

A

synovial joint

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25
what is another name for synovial joints?
diarthrosis/diarthrodial joint
26
what is the most familiar type of joint?
synovial
27
what joint is most structurally complex?
synovial
28
slippery lubricant in joint cavity; rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid; like raw egg whites
synovial fluid
29
the degrees through which a joint can move; aspect of joint performance; physical assessment of a patient's joint flexibility
range of motion
30
what is range of motion determined by?
structure of the articular surfaces, strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules, action of the muscles and tendons; muscle tone
31
shoulder has three degrees of freedom or axes of rotation
multiaxial joint
32
how many classes of synovial joints exist
6 classes
33
smooth, hemispherical head fits within cup like socket, only multiaxial joints in body
ball and socket joints
34
oval convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other; biaxial joint
condylar; ellipsoid joints
35
both bones have an articular surface shaped like a saddle, one is concave, the other convex; biaxial
saddle joints
36
flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other; usually biaxial
plane gliding joints
37
one bone with a convex surface fits into a concave depression of another bone; monoaxial
hinge joints
38
bone spins on its longitudinal axis; monoaxial
pivot joint
39
the position of a joint when a person is standing in standard anatomical position
zero position
40
movement that decreases joint angle
flexion
41
movement that straightens a joint and returns a body part to zero position
extension
42
extension of a joint beyond zero position
hyperextension
43
movement of a body in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
abduction
44
raising arm over back or front of head
hyperabduction
45
movement in the frontal plane back towards the midline
adduction
46
crossing fingers; crossing ankles is considered
hyperadduction
47
movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane
elevation
48
movement that lowers a body part in the same plane
depression
49
the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
protraction
50
posterior movement
retraction
51
one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion
circumduction
52
movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis
rotation
53
rotation that turns the bone inward
medial/internal rotation
54
rotation that turns the bone outward
lateral/external rotation
55
forearm movement that turns palm to face anteriorly or upward
supination
56
forearm movement that turns palm to face either posteriorly or downward
pronation
57
moving thumb away from hand and pointing it anteriorly
palmar abduction
58
moving thumb away from index finger
radial abduction
59
tip of thumb directed toward palm
flexion of thumb
60
straightening the thumb
extension of thumb
61
moving thumb to touch tip of a finger
opposition
62
returning thumb to zero position
reposition
63
elevating toes as you do while swinging foot forward to take a step
dorsiflexion
64
extending foot so that toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe
plantar flexion
65
movement in which the soles are turned medially
inversion
65
movement in which the soles are turned laterally
eversion
65
complex combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction
supination of foot
66
syndrome including clicking sounds in the jaw, limitation of jaw movement, pain radiating from jaw down the neck, shoulders and back, can cause moderate intermittent facial pain or severe headaches, vertigo, tinnitus
tmj (temporomandibular joint syndrome)
66
complex combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
pronation of foot
67
what is the cause of tmj
psychological tension and malocclusion (misalignment of teeth)
68
cause of shoulder dislocation
downward displacement of the humerus
69
a hinge that includes two articulations; frequently dislocated
elbow joint
70
head of femur inserts into acetabulum of hip bone; bears weight has deeper sockets, more stable than shoulder
coxal hip joint
71
congenital dislocation
infants born with dislocation
72
largest and most complex diarthrosis of the body; primarily a hinge joint
tibiofemoral (knee) joint
73
procedure in which interior of joint is viewed with a pencil thin arthroscope inserted through a small incision
arthroscopy
74
board term for pain and inflammation of joints; most crippling disease in the united states
artritis
75
most common form of arthritis; wear and tear arthritis
osteoarthritis
76
attack against joint tissue; type of arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
77
solidly fused immobilized joint
ankylosis
78
replacement of diseased joint with artificial device called prosthesis
arthroplasty
79
inflammation of a bursa or tendon sheath
bursitis/tendonitis
80
uric acid crystal accumulation in the joint that irritates the articular cartilage and synovial membrane
gout
81
a broad term for any pain in the bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles related to support and locomotion
rheumatism
82
torn ligament or tendon
sprain
83
painful overstretching of a tendon or muscle
strain

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (14 decks)

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