Sense Organs

Question 1

vital to the integrity of personality and intellectual function

Answer 1

sensory input

Question 2

structure specialized to detect a stimulus

Answer 2

sensory receptor

Question 3

change in environment

Answer 3

stimulus

Question 4

leads to hallucinations

Answer 4

sensory deprivation

Question 5

general purpose of sensory receptor is

Answer 5

transduction

Question 6

conversion of one form of energy to another

Answer 6

transduction

Question 7

activation of sensory receptors result in

Answer 7

receptor potential

Question 8

small local electrical charge on a receptor cell

Answer 8

receptor potential

Question 9

subjective awareness of the stimulus

Answer 9

sensation

Question 10

interpretation of meaning of a particular stimulujs

Answer 10

perception

Question 11

4 kinds of information

Answer 11

modality, location, intensity, duration

Question 12

type of stimulus or sensation it produces

Answer 12

modality

Question 13

encoded by which nerve fibers are firing

Answer 13

location

Question 14

area within which a sensory neuron detects stimuli

Answer 14

receptive field

Question 15

intensity determined by

Answer 15

sensitivity, recruitment, firing frequency

Question 16

how long stimulus lasts

Answer 16

duration

Question 17

if a stimulus is prolonged firing of the neuron gets slower over time

Answer 17

sensory adaptation

Question 18

adapt rapidly; generate a burst of action potentials when first stimulated then quickly reduce or stop signaling even though the stimulus continues

Answer 18

phasic receptors

Question 19

adapt slowly; generate nerve signals more steadily throughout presence of stimulus

Answer 19

tonic receptors

Question 20

body position, muscle tension and joint motion

Answer 20

proprioceptors

Question 21

pain receptors

Answer 21

nociceptors

Question 22

respond to mechanical forces

Answer 22

mechanoreceptors

Question 23

monitor blood pressure

Answer 23

baroreceptors

Question 24

respond to temperature changes

Answer 24

thermoreceptors

Question 25

respond to chemicals in solution

Answer 25

chemoreceptors

Question 26

respond to light

Answer 26

photoreceptors

Question 27

respond to pain causing stimuli

Answer 27

nociceptors

Question 28

sensitive to stimuli arising from outside the body

Answer 28

exteroceptors

Question 29

receive stimuli from internal viscera

Answer 29

interoceptors

Question 30

sense the position and movements of the body

Answer 30

proprioceptors

Question 31

receptors are widely distributed

Answer 31

general somatosensory senses

Question 32

receptors are limited to head

Answer 32

special senses

Question 33

nerve endings that lack connective tissue wrappings: i.e free nerve endings, tactile discs, hair receptors

Answer 33

unencapsulated

Question 34

wrapped by glial cells/connective tissue; wrapping enhances sensitivity or selectivity of the response

Answer 34

encapsulated

Question 35

discomfort caused by tissue injury or noxious stimulation

Answer 35

pain

Question 36

lost in diabetes mellitus

Answer 36

diabetic neuropathy

Question 37

arises from the skin, muscles, and joints

Answer 37

somatic pain

Question 38

arises from the viscera

Answer 38

visceral pain

Question 39

most potent pain stimulus known

Answer 39

bradykinin

Question 40

pain signals from head

Answer 40

travel in cranial nerves V, VII IX, and X to medulla

Question 41

pain signals from neck down

Answer 41

spinothalamic tract, spinoreticular tract gracile fasciculus

Question 42

most significant pain pathway; carries most somatic pain signals

Answer 42

spinothalamic tract

Question 43

carries pain signals to reticular formation; activate visceral, emotional, and behavioral reactions to pain

Answer 43

spinoreticular tract

Question 44

carries signals to the thalamus for visceral pain

Answer 44

gracile fasciculus

Question 45

pain in viscera often mistakenly thought to come from a somatic body region

Answer 45

referred pain

Question 46

pain relieving mechanism of CNS; just beginning to be understood

Answer 46

analgesic

Question 47

internally produced opium like substances

Answer 47

endogenous opiods

Question 48

analgesic oligopeptides with 200 times the potency of morphine

Answer 48

enkephalins

Question 49

neuropeptides

Answer 49

endorphins and dynorphins

Question 50

stops pain signals at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Answer 50

spinal gating