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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

dentine

A

dense, ivory-like substance located under the enamel in a tooth

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2
Q

dentist

A

a qualified practitioner in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex

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3
Q

enamel

A

hard substance covering a tooth

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4
Q

enzyme

A

protein that induces changes in other substances

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5
Q

mouth

A

external opening of a cavity or canal

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6
Q

nasopharynx

A

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

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7
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

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8
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth

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9
Q

papilla

A

any small projection

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10
Q

parotid

A

the savilary gland beside the ear

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11
Q

pulp

A

the connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth. Latin: flesh

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12
Q

saliva

A

secretin in mouth from salivary glands

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13
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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14
Q

submandibular

A

underneath the mandible

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15
Q

tongue

A

mobile muscle mass in the mouth

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16
Q

uvula

A

fleshy projection of the soft palate. Latin: grape

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17
Q

chyme

A

semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum. Greek: juice

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18
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, approx. 9 inches in length

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19
Q

gastrin

A

hormone secreted in the stomach, stimulates secretion of HCL, increases gastric motility

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20
Q

hydrochloric acid (HCL)

A

the acid of gastric juice

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21
Q

intrinsic factor

A

produced in the stomach, essential for the absoprtion of vitamin B12

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22
Q

pepsin

A

enzyme produces by the stomach that breaks down protein

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23
Q

pepsinogen

A

converted by HCL in the stomach to pepsin

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24
Q

pylorus

A

exit area of the stomach

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25
pyloric
pertaining to the pylorus
26
bowel
another name for intestine. Latin: sauage
27
diverticulum
a pouchlike opening or sac from a tubular structure
28
diverticulosis
presence of a number of small pouches in the wall of the large intestine
29
diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula
30
fissure
deep furrow or cleft. Latin: slit
31
fistula
abnormal passage. Latin: pipe, tube
32
hemorrhoid
dilated rectal vein producing painful anal swelling
33
hemorrhoidectomy
surgical removal of hemorrhoids
34
intussusception
the slipping of one bowel inside another, causing abstruction
35
melena
the passage of black, tarry stools. Greek: black
36
occult blood
blood that cannot be seen in the stool but is positive on a fecal occult blood test. Occult, latin: to hide
37
hemoccult test
trade name for a fecal occult test
38
peritoneum
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
39
peritonitus
inflammation of the peritoneum
40
polyp
mass of tissue that projects into the lumen of the bowel. Latin: foot
41
polyposis
presence of several polyps
42
polypectomy
excision or removal of a polyp
43
proctitis
inflammation of the lining of the rectum
44
proctologist
a specialist of the diseases of the anus and rectum
45
asymptomatic
without any symptoms or abnormalities experienced by patient
46
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
47
emesis
vomit, greek
48
hematemesis
vomiting red blood
49
hernia
protrustion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it. Latin: rupture
50
herniorrhaphy
repair of a hernia
51
hiatus
an opening through a structure. Latin: an aperture
52
postprandial
following a meal
53
reflux
backward flow
54
sphincter
a band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening is closed
55
varix
dialated, twisted vein
56
varicose
characterized by or affected with varices
57
anus
exit hole of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged. Latin: ring
58
anorectal junction
the junction between the anus and rectum
59
appendix
small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum
60
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
61
appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
62
colon
the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum
63
colic
spasmodic, crampy-like pains in the abdomen
64
colitis
inflammation of the colon
65
feces
undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel
66
defecation
evacuation of feces from rectum and anus
67
flexure
a bend in a structure. Latin: bend
68
ileoceal sphincter
band of muscle that encircles the junction of the ileum and cecum
69
ileum
third portion of the small intestine. Latin: roll up, twist
70
rectum
terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid to the anal canal. Latin: straight
71
sigmoid
part of the colon shaped like an S. greek letter S
72
cholecystitis
inflmmation of the gallbladder
73
cholecyctectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
74
choledocholithiasis
presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct
75
cholelithiasis
condition of having bile stones (gallstones)
76
cholelithotomy
surgical removal of gallstones
77
endocrine
a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance and secretes it into the bloodstream
78
exocrine
a gland that secretes substances outwardly through excretory ducts
79
gallstone
hard mass of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct
80
gallbladder
receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile
81
glucagon
hormone that mobilizes glucose from body storage
82
insulin
pancreatic hormone that suppresses blood glusoce levels and transports glucose into cells
83
pancreas
lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum
84
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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