CHAPTER EIGHT

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

The way of life for any one population/society

Question 2

What are the 4 components of culture?

Answer 2

1. Values
2. Norms
3. Institutions
4. Artifacts

Question 3

T/F: Culture is taught to the next gen through lang

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: Culture is expressed through lang

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: Children don’t learn to speak in some cultures

Answer 5

False

Question 6

T/F: Babbling is universal

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F: Not all infants speak in single words

Answer 7

False

Question 8

T/F: Early vocabs tend to consist of nouns > adjectives > verbs

Answer 8

False; nouns > verbs > adjectives

Question 9

T/F: all children show pattern recognition and have difficulty with
irregular aspects of their language

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What may affect children’s abilities to segment speech and isolate words?

Answer 10

If a lang has more vowels than consonants

Question 11

Define cognitive development

Answer 11

The development of internal processing, the ability to think and
reason, to think in concrete ways, which lead to knowledge
development

Question 12

What are the 4 brain layers?

Answer 12

1. Brainstem
2. Limbic system
3. Cerebellum
4. Cerebral Cortex

Question 13

What does cognition refer to?

Answer 13

The way we think

Question 14

Define cognitive linguistics

Answer 14

the scientific study of the relation between the way we communicate and the way we think. An approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it

Question 15

What is the big debate between language and its relationship to cognition?

Answer 15

Is thought independent from language?

Question 16

What is inner speech?

Answer 16

dialogue with oneself that facilitates the self regulation of behaviour

Question 17

T/F: Adults talk to themselves more than children

Answer 17

False

Question 18

T/F: You cannot lose inner speech

Answer 18

False; aphasia, alexia, acalculia

Question 19

What is the Cognitive Hypothesis?

Answer 19

Language development is linked to cognitive development; Best explains how systematic use of words (more) depends on cognitive development

Question 20

What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis question?

Answer 20

Does language simply reflect a culture, giving us a way of expressing our thoughts? Or does language actually influence a society’s world view?

Question 21

Define linguistic determinism/relativity

Answer 21

Language drives thought; the way we think is determined by the language we speak

Question 22

What did Sapir-Whorf hypothesize?

Answer 22

Language influences thought rather than the reverse

Question 23

Define linguistic relatively

Answer 23

The more diverse the language, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world.
Different languages view the world differently.

Question 24

Define linguistic determination

Answer 24

Language may determine our thinking patterns, the way we view and think about the world

Question 25

What test confirmed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Answer 25

The colour test (Papua New Guinea language)

Question 26

What is the Cognitive Hypothesis seemingly wrong about?

Answer 26

Claiming that cognition always leads language development

Question 27

What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis seemingly wrong about?

Answer 27

Claiming that language dictates perception, and that individuals who speak different languages have qualitatively different perceptual abilities

Question 28

What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis seemingly right about?

Answer 28

Claiming that language influences how we accomplish certain cognitive tasks (remembering things)

Question 29

What is the Cognitive Hypothesis seemingly right about?

Answer 29

Cognitive endowments (along with the child’s environment and interaction) are implicated in language learning

Question 30

Who posited Theory of Mind?

Answer 30

Fodor

Question 31

Define theory of mind

Answer 31

children achieve gradually is the understanding that other people have mental states: intentions, desires, emotions, and beliefs. And that people are guided by their mental states.

Question 32

What is the test used to determine theory of mind?

Answer 32

The "False Belief" Test

Question 33

What does the False Belief Test evaluate?

Answer 33

A person's ability to understand that others may hold beliefs that are different from their own, even if those beliefs are incorrect

Question 34

What are the 4 ways that lang dev and ToM are related?

Answer 34

1. ToM tasks are verbal 2. Experience in social settings dev.s ToM 3. learning the meaning of "think" and "feel" help establish ToM 4. Lang provides a mental representation of the beliefs of others