CHAPTER SIX

Question 1

What is syntax?

Answer 1

The structure of lang; A system of rules for building words into
phrases and phrases into sentences

Question 2

T/F: Syntactic dev. is completed in early elementary school

Answer 2

False; it is mostly complete by age 4

Question 3

T/F: Children are not consciously aware of syntactic rules

Answer 3

True

Question 4

At what age is the one-word stage?

Answer 4

12-18mos

Question 5

Define the one-word stage

Answer 5

Comm. using one word at a time

Question 6

Define a holophrase

Answer 6

One word is an entire speech act (ie: “cookie” means “I want a cookie”)

Question 7

What 3 things ease the transition to the two-word stage?

Answer 7

1. Verbal construction
2. Phonological Dummies
3. Formula

Question 8

Define Vertical Construction

Answer 8

juxtapose two words about the same proposition, each word has own intonation pattern (ie: “Mommy? Cookie?”)

Question 9

Define Phonological Dummies

Answer 9

use phonological fillers that are NOT real words, but which allow
child to practice a longer utterance, but only activate 1 meaning (ie: “Mommy wida?”)

Question 10

Define formula

Answer 10

using 2/3 words as a single word (ie: “wuwiup” for “hurry up)

Question 11

At what age are children in the two word stage?

Answer 11

20-24mos

Question 12

What three things mark the two word stage?

Answer 12

1. > 300 words in vocab to construct two word utterances
2. use two words to express a preposition
3. two words express a semantic relationship

Question 13

T/F: The two-word stage is most evident in expressive children

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T/F: in the two word stage, most utterances refer to the here and now

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What marks the beginning of the transition from the two word to the telegraphic speech stages?

Answer 15

1. vocab growth
2. more control over motor production
3. able to plan longer spans of speech
4. word order awareness

Question 16

At what age are children in the telegraphic speech stage?

Answer 16

24+mos

Question 17

What is the defining characteristic of the telegraphic stage?

Answer 17

Word order and role relationships

Question 18

Define free morphemes w/ examples

Answer 18

Morphemes that can stand alone (book, in, fog, the)

Question 19

Define bound morphemes

Answer 19

Morphemes that must connect to something in order to have meaning (-s, -ed, -ing))

Question 20

At what stage does morphological development flourish?

Answer 20

The telegraphic stage

Question 21

T/F: At first, in production, children leave out lots of required morphemes

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F: Children find it hard to identify function morphemes

Answer 22

False; they have trouble producing them

Question 23

What four complexities order Brown’s 14 morphemes?

Answer 23

Syntactic
Semantic
Cognitive
Perceptual

Question 24

Wug Test

Question 25

T/F: Over regularization morphological errors need to be corrected by adults in a child's life

Answer 25

False; a child will eventually rememorize a correct morpheme

Question 26

What are the 3 things a child needs in order to correctly produce negatives?

Answer 26

1. lexicon entry for the negative 2. syntax 3. morphology

Question 27

Define Derivation Morphology

Answer 27

a type of word formation that creates new words by adding affixes (prefixes or suffixes) to existing words (ie: happy + ness = happiness)

Question 28

Define Inflection Morphology

Answer 28

the process of changing word forms to indicate grammatical features like tense, number, person, gender, or case. It doesn't create new words but adjusts existing ones to fit their context in a sentence (ie: cat + plural = cats)

Question 29

What is the difference between inflectional and derivational morphology?

Answer 29

Derivational changes the meaning (ie through negation), inflectional does not