CHAPTER TEN/SEVEN

Question 1

What are the 3 major developments that occur during the school years?

Answer 1

Development of narratives
Metalinguistic awareness
Acquisition of literacy

Question 2

Define literacy

Answer 2

Skills of reading, writing, speaking and
listening to include multiple literacies such as visual, media, and information literacy

Question 3

T/F: Primary literacy skills are universal

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: Primary literacy skills are acquired naturally

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: Primary literacy skills require mainly formal teaching

Answer 5

False

Question 6

T/F: Secondary literacy skills are universal

Answer 6

False

Question 7

T/F: Secondary literacy skills require formal instruction

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F: Literacy skills stop developing post-adolescence

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Define decontextualized language

Answer 9

Words that stand on their own

Question 10

What are the 5 predictors of reading success?

Answer 10

• Previous oral skills
• Phonological awareness
• Vocabulary
• Grammar knowledge
• Genetic component

Question 11

The following are all examples of what:
- Social skills of interaction
- Ability to work independently
- Knowledge about print
- Knowledge about books
- Recognition of environmental print

Answer 11

Emergent literacy

Question 12

What are the 5 major components of reading?

Answer 12

1. Detection of visual features of letters leading to letter recognition
2. Knowledge of the grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules
3. Word recognition
4. Semantic knowledge
5. Comprehension, interpretation

Question 13

Define letter recognition

Answer 13

Detection of the features of the letters in the alphabet including in different fonts and levels of readability

Question 14

Define grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules

Answer 14

Understanding the alphabetic principle, what letters represent what sounds

Question 15

What three criteria would be met in a perfect alphabetic system?

Answer 15

1. Simple
2. Transparent
3. Regular

Question 16

Define word recognition

Answer 16

Recognition of letter strings as representing conventional words

Question 17

Define semantic knowledge in relation to learning to read

Answer 17

Refers to all the info about a word

Question 18

T/F: Incomplete semantic knowledge impedes comprehension of a written text

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the reading wars?

Answer 19

The advantage of phonics versus whole language approach

Question 20

Define reading for meaning

Answer 20

Formal instruction of a look-say approach and uses context to guess unfamiliar words

Question 21

Define phonics

Answer 21

The explicit teaching of decoding skills including fluency of naming letters, segmenting and blending phonemes, grapheme-morpheme rules; sound out

Question 22

Define dyslexia

Answer 22

Reading failure in children (and
adults) who are otherwise unimpaired; mainly a language-specific deficit

Question 23

Define pragmatics

Answer 23

The branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used

Question 24

Define pragmatic development

Answer 24

The development of the use of language to serve communicative function

Question 25

T/F: Linguistic competence = communicative competence

Answer 25

So obviously false

Question 26

T/F: Linguistic and communicative competence are two complete separate processes

Answer 26

False; Venn

Question 27

T/F: Children interpret lang literally

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What evidence is there to suggest that children do NOT converse?

Answer 28

Convos are egocentric (lacks the interest to be able to converse) Sit together and produce monologues

Question 29

What evidence is there to suggest that children DO converse?

Answer 29

By age two they can take turns, just constrained in content ability

Question 30

Who doesn't think children converse?

Answer 30

Piaget

Question 31

Define echolalia

Answer 31

Repeating words and syllables for the pleasure of talking, with no thought of talking to anyone else, nor necessarily even saying words that make sense

Question 32

Define simple monologue

Answer 32

Talking to oneself as though one were thinking aloud without addressing anyone

Question 33

Define collective monologue

Answer 33

Talking aloud to oneself when there is someone else present, but the point of view of the other person is never taken into account

Question 34

What are the three "relevancies" in children's speech?

Answer 34

Informationally relevant Phonologically relevant Rhythmically relevant

Question 35

What are the 4 general principles of a narrative structure?

Answer 35

1. order of events 2. cause and effect relationship b/n events 3. evolution of events 4. purpose

Question 36

What are the 4 difficulties children have w/ narratives?

Answer 36

1. Producing a coherent sequence of ideas 2. No cause and effect/plot dev 3. Inability to account for listener's POV 4. Inability to follow cultural norms

Question 37

The following occur during which Phase of Narrative Development: ▪ Scaffolding – adults prompt and provide scaffolding for child’s talk about past events. ▪ Elicited and maintained by adults.

Answer 37

Phase 1

Question 38

The following occur during which Phase of Narrative Development: ▪ Depends less on elicitation and scaffolding of adults. ▪ Children produce longer utterances and introduce new information. ▪ Tends to be general descriptions of a kind of familiar event rather than particular one, e.g. describe things at a birthday party that didn’t happen because they typically do

Answer 38

Phase 2

Question 39

The following occur during which Phase of Narrative Development: ▪ Depends even less on support from adult and their general knowledge. ▪ Includes info unique to a particular event.

Answer 39

Phase 3

Question 40

What is a marker of children's developing mastery of the language system?

Answer 40

Language play

Question 41

T/F: Jokes are innate

Answer 41

False; they are learned

Question 42

What does one need to know in order to tell jokes?

Answer 42

-Something about humour. - Something about the speech event of a joke (i.e. that it’s funny). - Cultural norms for forms of jokes.

Question 43

What are the 4 stages of Joke Telling?

Answer 43

1. Pre-Joke Event Stage 2. Pre-Joke Stage 3. Word-Play Joke Stage 4. True Joke Stage

Question 44

Children at this age are in the Pre-Joke Event Stage

Answer 44

until 3yrs

Question 45

Children at this age are in the Pre-Joke Stage

Answer 45

3-4yrs

Question 46

Children at this age are in the Word-Play Joke Stage

Answer 46

4-5yrs

Question 47

Children at this age are in the True Joke Stage

Answer 47

From approx 5yrs

Question 48

T/F: Telling a Joke = Understanding a Joke

Answer 48

False

Question 49

T/F: Girls begin telling jokes earlier

Answer 49

False, boys do