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LING 3603 > CHAPTER FOUR > Flashcards

CHAPTER FOUR Flashcards

highly important for data sets (i think) (62 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 pre-linguistic areas of development?

A

Perceptual and motor skills
Cognitive skills
Social Skills

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2
Q

How do perceptual/motor skills develop during the preling phase?

A

Able to volitionarily control motions

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3
Q

How do cognitive skills develop during the preling phase?

A

Developing categories and concepts
Object permanence

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4
Q

How do social skills develop during the preling phase?

A

Can get across comm. intent (speech acts)

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5
Q

What age is considered prelinguistic?

A

0-12mos

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6
Q

What are speech acts?

A

Speech acts are actions performed through language, like requesting, promising, or apologizing

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7
Q

What are the 4 stages of phonological development?

A
  1. Prelinguistic
  2. Emerging/First words
  3. Phonemic Development
  4. Stabilization
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8
Q

At what age are children in the prelinguistic phonological development stage?

A

0-12mos

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9
Q

At what age are children in the emerging/first words phonological development stage?

A

1-1.6yo

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10
Q

At what age are children in the phonemic development phonological development stage?

A

1.6-4yos

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11
Q

At what age are children in the stabilization phonological development stage?

A

4+yo

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12
Q

What are the 3 preling vocalizations?

A
  1. reflexive crying and vegetative sounds
  2. cooing and laughter
  3. vocal play
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13
Q

At what age does the following preling vocalization emerge: reflexive crying?

A

0-8weeks

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14
Q

At what age does the following preling vocalization emerge: vegetative sounds?`

A

0-8 weeks

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15
Q

At what age does the following preling vocalization emerge: cooing

A

8-20 weeks

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16
Q

At what age does the following preling vocalization emerge: vocal play?

A

16-30 weeks

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17
Q

Define reflexive crying and vegetative sounds

A

Mostly done to breathe and crying

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18
Q

Define cooing

A

drawn out phonological chunks repeating

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19
Q

Define vocal play

A

Beginning of speech sounds (long vowels, syllables, intonation)

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20
Q

When does vocal play often begin?

A

When babies begin moving independently

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21
Q

T/F: vocal play is a reflex

A

False

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22
Q

Define the two kinds of babbling

A

Reduplicated babbling and non-reduplicated/jargon babbling

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23
Q

Define reduplicated babbling

A

Repeating the same sound/syllable (bababa)
Has sentence-like intonation

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24
Q

At what age does reduplicated babbling occur?

A

6-11mos

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25
At what age does non-reduplicated babbling occur?
9mos
26
Define non-reduplicated/jargon babbling
Vocalizations in varied syllable structure (tadi) Begin playing w vocal quality, pitch, etc Sounds like Simlish
27
T/F: Deaf babies do not go through babbling stages
False; they do
28
Define phonetically consistent form in emerging words
No obvious referent Interpreted as a specific meaning but not phonetically stable
29
Define Referentially stable (pre-words) in emerging words
Sounds repeated when looking or pointing at a specific thing (ie goose honk meaning "there's an animal")
30
Define gesture supported sensory-motor morphemes in emerging words
Consistent meaning Gesture paired w/ utterance Said spontaneously
31
Define true word in emerging words
Referentially consistent Said in a variety of contexts Object permanence No specific gesture connection
32
T/F: some linguists posit that a child develops phonology at 18mos which then leads to a word spurt
True
33
What speech sounds are developed (typically) at 18mos
Nasals: [m, n] Glides: [w, j] Stops/Affricates: [p, t, k, glottal stop] Fricatives: [h]
34
What speech sounds are developed (typically) at 24mos
Nasals: Glides: Stops/Affricates: [p, t, k (aspirated all)] [b, d, g] Fricatives: [idk what that is supposed to be]
35
What speech sounds are developed (typically) at 36mos
Nasals: [nj] Glides: [l] Stops/Affricates: Fricatives: [f]
36
What speech sounds are developed (typically) at 48mos
Nasals: Glides: [r] Stops/Affricates: [tf, d3] Fricatives: [waterslide]
37
What speech sounds are developed (typically) at 5-6yrs
Nasals: Glides: Stops/Affricates: Fricatives: [theta, esh, v, s, z, 3]
38
T/F: Nasals are typically the last to develop in a child's acquisition of speech sounds
False; they are first
39
T/F: Advanced fricatives are typically the last to develop in a child's acquisition of speech sounds
True
40
T/F: All stops develop at once in a child's acquisition of speech sounds
False; aspirated stops occur at 24mos
41
What will a child substitute labials and alveolars for at 18mos?
Velars
42
What will a child substitute stops for at 2yrs?
Fricatives
43
What will a child substitute glides for at 4yrs?
Liquids
44
What will a child substitute laminals for at 5yrs?
Sibilants
45
What will a child substitute "easier" fricatives for at 5yrs?
Harder fricatives
46
What are the three common English syllable structures?
CV CVCV CVC
47
T/f: Children will change words to fit into common syllable structures in English
True
48
Which syllable will children drop if a word is long than two syllables?
The unstressed one
49
T/F: Children will drop the stressed syllable when confronted with a word over 3 syllables
False
50
What are the 4 typical changes children make to conform to syllable templates?
1. Voicing 2. Nasality 3. Consonant Harmony 4. Consonant Hierarchy
51
Define voicing change to conform to a syllable template
Changing a voiced phoneme into a voiceless one (ie "toad" [towd]->[dowd]
52
Define nasality change to conform to a syllable template
Either adding or subtracting nasalization on a consonant preceding a nasal (ie: "bump" [bʌmp]->[mʌmp])
53
Define consonant harmony change to conform to a syllable template
Repeating the same segment twice (ie: "kitty" [kiti]->[kiki]
54
Define consonant hierarchy change to conform to a syllable template
Some children have a hierarchy preference for pronounciation (ie: if preferring [g] "dig" [dIg]->[gIg]
55
What does the acquisition of phonology mean?
learning to distinguish, produce, and represent the sounds and sound patterns of adult language
56
T/F: Children's pronunciations are adult-like
False
57
What are the three components of early phonological development?
1. General Patterns of Development 2. Individual Differences 3. Atypical Development
58
What are the two types of analyses used in assessing younger children?
Independent Analysis Relational Analysis
59
Define Independent Analysis
Focuses on the sound types and syllable structures produced by the child independent of the adult target
60
Define Relational Analysis
Comparing a child's pronunciation of a word w/ the adult form and identifies what is correct/incorrect in relation to adult target
61
What two criteria are used to determine if a child is a late talker?
<50 words at 24mos Phonetic inventory w/ only 4-5 consonants and limited vowels
62
T/F: Vowels develop before consonants
True

LING 3603 (11 decks)

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