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Neuroscience > chapter fifteen > Flashcards

chapter fifteen Flashcards

1
Q

fatal disruption to body function

A

hypothalamus defect

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2
Q

discrete sensory or motor deficit

A

dorsal thalamus

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3
Q

regulates body temperature and blood composition

A

regulatory process

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4
Q

cells lie next to the third ventricle , control ANS

A

periventricular zone

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5
Q

extend axons toward the pituitary

A

neurosecretory cells

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6
Q

social bonding, uterine contraction, and lactation (neurohormone)

A

oxytocin

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7
Q

regulates blood volume and salt concentration (neurohormone)

A

vasopressin

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8
Q

vasopressin acts on kidneys and produces ____, what releases vasopressin? (neurohormone)

A

thirst, pituitary

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9
Q

kidneys release _____

A

renin

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10
Q

renin produces _____ and acts in the brain

A

angiotensin II

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11
Q

paraventricular hypothalamus secretes _____ into portal circulation (stress response)

A

CRH

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12
Q

anterior pituitary releases ____ into the circulation (stress response)

A

ACTH

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13
Q

ACTH stimulates _____ release from adrenal cortex (stress response)

A

cortisol

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14
Q

increases heart rate and blood pressure, depresses digestive function, activating “fight or flight”

A

sympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

slower heart rate, fall in pressure, increased digestive functions, stop sweating

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

the enteric division is made up of two complicated networks, what are they?

A

myenteric
submuccous

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17
Q

the enteric division is located in the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and gallbladder, what is its function

A

control physiological processes involved in transport and digestion of food

18
Q

integrates sensory information from internal organs and coordinates output

A

solitary nucleus

19
Q

connections for autonomic control

A

paraventricular zone (connects to brain stem and spinal cord nuclei)
nucleus of solitary tract (medulla)

20
Q

neurotransmitters of the ANS

A

acetylcholine, ganglionic (ACh), small peptied

21
Q

which ANS neurotransmitter binds to nicotinic receptors and evokes fast ESPS

A

acetylcholine

22
Q

which ANS neurotransmitter activated muscarinic receptors, slow ISPS and ESPS

A

ganglionic Ach

23
Q

parasympathetic or sympathetic? releases acetylcholine; has a local effect

A

parasympathetic

24
Q

parasympathetic or sympathetic? release norepinephrine; far reaching effects

A

sympathetic

25
Q

three ways neurons have widespread influence

A

secretory hypothalamus, ANS, diffuse modulators

26
Q

what are two important functions of hypothalamus

A

homeostasis and hormonal control of behavior

27
Q

ANS repsonses using the sympathetic and parasympathetic system is ______

A

disynaptic

28
Q

small set of core neurons, which arise from brain stem, one neuron influences many others: these are characteristics of

A

diffuse modulators

29
Q

what are the 4 diffuse modulatory neurotransmitter systems

A

norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine

30
Q

which diffuse modulator NT system serves functions such as vigilence, learning and memory, anxiety and pain, mood and brain metabolism

A

the norepinephrine system

31
Q

what is the activation of the norepinephrine NT system

A

new, unexpected, non-painful sensory stimuli

32
Q

which diffuse NT system functions in sleep/wake cycles, mood regulation, and emotional behavior

A

Serotonergic System

33
Q

has two divisions: substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area which project to striatum

A

Dopaminergic System

34
Q

which of the Dopaminergic Systems is part of the basal ganglia and functions to facilitate the inhibition of voluntary movements,
involved in habitual behavior
breakdown of this pathway in parkinson’s disease

A

substantia nigra

35
Q

which of the Dopaminergic Systems is part of the limbic system and functions as
reward system
activity disrupted in addiction

A

ventral tegmental

36
Q

what are the two cholinergic systems

A

basal forebrain complex, pontomes. complex

37
Q

which of the two cholinergic systems functions in learning and memory, arousal/sleep-wake cycles
first neurons to die in alzheimers

A

basal forebrain

38
Q

which of the two cholinergic systems functions to regulate excitablity of thalamic sensory relay nuclei, links brain to basal forebrain

A

pontomes. complex

39
Q

most psychoactive drugs interfere with ___ _____

A

synaptic transmission

40
Q

drug classes that affect diffuse modulatory systems

A

hallucinogens
stimulants

41
Q

what are the three components of the nervous system with widespread influence

A

secretory hypothalamus, ANS, diffuse modulatory systems

Neuroscience (11 decks)

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