chapter fifteen

Question 1

fatal disruption to body function

Answer 1

hypothalamus defect

Question 2

discrete sensory or motor deficit

Answer 2

dorsal thalamus

Question 3

regulates body temperature and blood composition

Answer 3

regulatory process

Question 4

cells lie next to the third ventricle , control ANS

Answer 4

periventricular zone

Question 5

extend axons toward the pituitary

Answer 5

neurosecretory cells

Question 6

social bonding, uterine contraction, and lactation (neurohormone)

Answer 6

oxytocin

Question 7

regulates blood volume and salt concentration (neurohormone)

Answer 7

vasopressin

Question 8

vasopressin acts on kidneys and produces ____, what releases vasopressin? (neurohormone)

Answer 8

thirst, pituitary

Question 9

kidneys release _____

Answer 9

renin

Question 10

renin produces _____ and acts in the brain

Answer 10

angiotensin II

Question 11

paraventricular hypothalamus secretes _____ into portal circulation (stress response)

Answer 11

CRH

Question 12

anterior pituitary releases ____ into the circulation (stress response)

Answer 12

ACTH

Question 13

ACTH stimulates _____ release from adrenal cortex (stress response)

Answer 13

cortisol

Question 14

increases heart rate and blood pressure, depresses digestive function, activating “fight or flight”

Answer 14

sympathetic nervous system

Question 15

slower heart rate, fall in pressure, increased digestive functions, stop sweating

Answer 15

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 16

the enteric division is made up of two complicated networks, what are they?

Answer 16

myenteric
submuccous

Question 17

the enteric division is located in the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and gallbladder, what is its function

Answer 17

control physiological processes involved in transport and digestion of food

Question 18

integrates sensory information from internal organs and coordinates output

Answer 18

solitary nucleus

Question 19

connections for autonomic control

Answer 19

paraventricular zone (connects to brain stem and spinal cord nuclei)
nucleus of solitary tract (medulla)

Question 20

neurotransmitters of the ANS

Answer 20

acetylcholine, ganglionic (ACh), small peptied

Question 21

which ANS neurotransmitter binds to nicotinic receptors and evokes fast ESPS

Answer 21

acetylcholine

Question 22

which ANS neurotransmitter activated muscarinic receptors, slow ISPS and ESPS

Answer 22

ganglionic Ach

Question 23

parasympathetic or sympathetic? releases acetylcholine; has a local effect

Answer 23

parasympathetic

Question 24

parasympathetic or sympathetic? release norepinephrine; far reaching effects

Answer 24

sympathetic

Question 25

three ways neurons have widespread influence

Answer 25

secretory hypothalamus, ANS, diffuse modulators

Question 26

what are two important functions of hypothalamus

Answer 26

homeostasis and hormonal control of behavior

Question 27

ANS repsonses using the sympathetic and parasympathetic system is ______

Answer 27

disynaptic

Question 28

small set of core neurons, which arise from brain stem, one neuron influences many others: these are characteristics of

Answer 28

diffuse modulators

Question 29

what are the 4 diffuse modulatory neurotransmitter systems

Answer 29

norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine

Question 30

which diffuse modulator NT system serves functions such as vigilence, learning and memory, anxiety and pain, mood and brain metabolism

Answer 30

the norepinephrine system

Question 31

what is the activation of the norepinephrine NT system

Answer 31

new, unexpected, non-painful sensory stimuli

Question 32

which diffuse NT system functions in sleep/wake cycles, mood regulation, and emotional behavior

Answer 32

Serotonergic System

Question 33

has two divisions: substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area which project to striatum

Answer 33

Dopaminergic System

Question 34

which of the Dopaminergic Systems is part of the basal ganglia and functions to facilitate the inhibition of voluntary movements, involved in habitual behavior breakdown of this pathway in parkinson's disease

Answer 34

substantia nigra

Question 35

which of the Dopaminergic Systems is part of the limbic system and functions as reward system activity disrupted in addiction

Answer 35

ventral tegmental

Question 36

what are the two cholinergic systems

Answer 36

basal forebrain complex, pontomes. complex

Question 37

which of the two cholinergic systems functions in learning and memory, arousal/sleep-wake cycles first neurons to die in alzheimers

Answer 37

basal forebrain

Question 38

which of the two cholinergic systems functions to regulate excitablity of thalamic sensory relay nuclei, links brain to basal forebrain

Answer 38

pontomes. complex

Question 39

most psychoactive drugs interfere with ___ _____

Answer 39

synaptic transmission

Question 40

drug classes that affect diffuse modulatory systems

Answer 40

hallucinogens stimulants

Question 41

what are the three components of the nervous system with widespread influence

Answer 41

secretory hypothalamus, ANS, diffuse modulatory systems