Chapter Fifteen

Question 1

The second deadliest European religious war behind the Thirty Years War

Answer 1

French Wars of Religion

Question 2

French Calvinists

Answer 2

Huguenots

Question 3

St Bartholamews Days Massacre

Answer 3

Reigniting the French Wars of Religion

Question 4

The Edict of Nantes

Answer 4

Granted French Huguenots religious toleration ending the French Wars of Religion

Question 5

By placing order and the security of the state above matters of faith

Answer 5

Henry IV brought the French Wars of Religion to an end

Question 6

Philip II of Spain- a deeply devout Catholic, determined

Answer 6

To restore Catholic unity in Europe and lead to Christian defense against the Muslims

Question 7

The Netherlands- Religious tolerance developed for pragmatic reasons

Answer 7

The central government lacked the power to enforce religious orthodoxy

Question 8

Make Amsterdam the wealthiest city in Europe for 200 years

Answer 8

• the leading money market
• commodities market
  -arms dealing market in the world

Question 9

Spanish soldiers sacked Amsterdam, killing 8000 people and burning 1000 buildings in 11 days of horror

Answer 9

Spanish Fury

Question 10

In response to the education of the Catholic Monarch, Philip II of Spain

Answer 10

sent the famous Spanish Armada to crush England

Question 11

The most destructive and the deadliest European religious war, resulting in 8 million casualties

Answer 11

The Thirty Years War

Question 12

The Peace of Augsburg

Answer 12

The most important- it established that ALL princes enjoyed the right to determine the religion of their lands and subjects- EXCLUDED CALVINISTS

Question 13

The Bohemian Revolt

Answer 13

The Battle of White Mountain 1620

Question 14

A Bohemian Protestant/Converted Catholic Duke of Mecklenburg offered his services Emperor Ferdinand II

Answer 14

Von Wallenstein

Question 15

In 1630, transforming what had simply been Emperor’s attempt to curb the Protestant states into a full scale war in Europe

Answer 15

Sweden intervened

Question 16

Cardinal Richelieu King Louis XIIIs chief minister-His chief foreign policy objective in the Thirty Years War that engulfed Europe

Answer 16

Was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and to ensure French dominance

Question 17

raison d’etat

Answer 17

That is the states interest above all else

Question 18

The Peace of Westphalia 1618

Answer 18

It was the first time a diplomatic congress was convened that brought all parties together to create and guarantee a treaty

Question 19

France replaces Spain as the power on the Continent

Answer 19

placing the states interest above all other interests

Question 20

Treaty of Westphalia, international warfare would be undertaken for reasons

Answer 20

National Security, Political Ambition, or Dynastic Pride

Question 21

The constant _______ is one of the defining Themes of Modern History

Answer 21

extension of state power

Question 22

The larger armies required more money ______ and supervisory officials ______

Answer 22

taxes, ministers

Question 23

Secularization

Answer 23

The state is officially neutral in matters of religion

Question 25

sir isaac newton believed that by demonstrating that the physical universe followed rational principles prove

Answer 25

the existence of god

Question 26

magic and science had long been associated with each other as two forms of

Answer 26

intellectual pursuit

Question 27

80% of accused witches were

Answer 27

women

Question 28

economic balance of power shifted away from the mediterranean countries

Answer 28

english, dutch, and french colonies in the new world

Question 29

between 1550-1600 the population of Europe increased

Answer 29

introduction of new foods from america, crop rotation and animal husbandtry