Midterm Exam

Question 1

Types of Societies
Occupying at least 90 percent of human history

Answer 1

hunting and gathering

Question 2

Simple gardening, supplementary to hunting and gathering

Answer 2

Horticultural

Question 3

The domestication of animals in a semi-nomadic lifestyle

Answer 3

Pastoral

Question 4

Societies whose economics are based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland

Answer 4

Agricultural

Question 5

The worship of more than one god

Answer 5

Polytheism

Question 6

necessitated the creation of a centralized government

Answer 6

The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals

Question 7

3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times

Answer 7

• prisoners of war
• voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or satisfy debts)
• born a slave

Question 8

Creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

Answer 8

Sargon the Great

Question 9

The river produced/ left _____ that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts

Answer 9

silt deposits

Question 10

Compare and Contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions

Answer 10

Compare- polytheistic

Sumerians built the ziggurats to pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment

The pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-kings after they die

Question 11

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code

Answer 11

the 10 commandments

Question 12

Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems

Answer 12

The Iliad and the Odyssey

Question 13

The most important oracle in Greece was the

Answer 13

Oracle of Delphi

Question 14

Helots

Answer 14

Slaves of the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin

Question 15

31 Greek city-states formed a coalition called the ________
To resist Persian invasion

Answer 15

Hellenic League

Question 16

An ancient Greek teaching style

Answer 16

Socratic Method

Question 17

The new regime determined to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatened to tear Athens apart issued first known ______ in Western History

Answer 17

amnesty

Question 18

Plato Rulers

Answer 18

Philosopher Kings

Question 19

List the three military reforms instituted by Phillip of Macedonia

Answer 19

-Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
- he nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek phalanx
- used the calvary as a strike force to soften up the enemy

Question 20

Alexander’s tutor

Answer 20

Aristotle

Question 21

A ruler who holds absolute power, typically will exercise it in a cruel or oppressive way

Answer 21

Despots

Question 22

The most famous and enduring government body of the ancient world

Answer 22

The Senate

Question 23

The highest value was________ which emphasized strength, loyalty, and coverage, especially in war

Answer 23

virtue

Question 24

A system/intuition based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations

Answer 24

patron-client system

Question 25

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation

Answer 25

tribunes

Question 26

2 most significant Roman inventions

Answer 26

Concrete Roman Arch

Question 27

2 sources of Augustus' true power

Answer 27

controlled the state's treasury Loyalty of the army

Question 28

Goal of the Principate

Answer 28

stability and order, not political freedom

Question 29

Cornerstone of Christian faith

Answer 29

resurrection of Jesus

Question 30

The biggest argument of the early church

Answer 30

Trinity

Question 31

Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire

Answer 31

Constantine the Great

Question 32

a declaration and summary of the Christian faith

Answer 32

The Nicene Creed

Question 33

Constantine-Establishing his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324

Answer 33

Constantinople

Question 34

Eastern Empire For 20 years he attempts to reunite the empire

Answer 34

Justinian I

Question 35

A massive tribal confederation who had set in motion the vast movement of numerous Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire contributing to its eventual collapse

Answer 35

The Huns

Question 36

Islam means

Answer 36

submission to God

Question 37

Revelations, the holy scripture of Islam

Answer 37

Qur'an

Question 38

Two divisions of Islam

Answer 38

Sunni Shiites

Question 39

The most powerful men in Merovingian society

Answer 39

Catholic Bishops

Question 40

Charles Martel called

Answer 40

Charles the Hammer

Question 41

Charles Martel's military brilliance

Answer 41

was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles

Question 42

Coveted title in Western Europe

Answer 42

"Defender of the Faith"

Question 43

Greatest king of the Middle Ages

Answer 43

Charlemagne

Question 44

Significance of the Battle of Tours

Answer 44

The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe

Question 45

Period in the Byzantine Empire where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture called

Answer 45

Iconoclasm

Question 46

The Abbasids will move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad

Answer 46

for its prosperous location near trade routes

Question 47

Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning called

Answer 47

Madrasa

Question 48

Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages, this will throw them back into it

Answer 48

the Viking invasions

Question 49

Feudalism causes

Answer 49

- Collapse of the Carolingian Empire -Attacks and Invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars

Question 50

The individual who receives the land from the great landholders is called

Answer 50

vassal

Question 51

Who dominated long distance trade routes during medieval times

Answer 51

the Italians

Question 52

was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe

Answer 52

Investiture Conflict

Question 53

This will become the rallying cry for the Crusaders throughout the Crusades

Answer 53

"God wills it"

Question 54

Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth, and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries

Answer 54

The Knights Templar

Question 55

“magnificent” he was the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of the renaissance

Answer 55

lorenzo de medici

Question 56

they were the most infamous family of renaissance italy

Answer 56

the house of borgia