Chapter Seventeen

Question 1

atlantic system became a web of trade routes that bound together… and became the hub of european expansion throughout the world

Answer 1

western europe, asia, and the americas

Question 2

plantations

Answer 2

large tracts of land owned by colonial settlers, farmed by slave labor and produced staple crops

Question 3

europeans imported what from central and south america

Answer 3

precious metals

Question 4

west indies imported

Answer 4

sugar

Question 5

colonies in north america imported

Answer 5

timber, fish, tobacco, and furs

Question 6

mestizo

Answer 6

a person born to a spanish father and a native mother

Question 7

peninsular

Answer 7

those born in spain

Question 8

creoles

Answer 8

born in america of spanish parents

Question 9

to expand its trade in the rest of the world europeans

Answer 9

seized territory and tried to establish permanent settlements

Question 10

consumer society coffee houses

Answer 10

where people could meet socially and discuss business and politics

Question 11

3 main reason for the population explosion

Answer 11

•better weather produced bountiful harvests
•improved agricultural techniques
•the disappearance of the plague of 1720

Question 12

by 1750 ___ is Europe’s largest city

Answer 12

london

Question 13

conspicuous consumption

Answer 13

the consumption of luxuries on a lavon scale in an attempt to enhance one’s prestige

Question 14

50 years of warfare 1663-1713 saw 3 important developments

Answer 14

•a new power alignment arose
-a coalition of powers france in check in the continent
•the british ride and the dutch decline
•russians emergence as a european power

Question 15

strategic importance - bank of england

Answer 15

enabled the government to raise money at low interest for foreign wars

Question 16

russia had defeated sweden considered to be one of the worlds best militaries and the victory overturned the view that russia was militarily incompetent

Answer 16

battle of poltava

Question 17

peter the great

Answer 17

•expanded the russian state into a much larger
•led a cultural revolution in russia to modernize them along western standards

Question 18

peter introduced numerous reforms

Answer 18

•founded the russian academy of science
•replaced the russian calendar with the julian calendar
•adopted european fashions and banned beards for men and veils for women
•modernized the army and built a navy

Question 19

symbolized russias “opening to the west”

Answer 19

st. petersburg

Question 20

the table of rants

Answer 20

a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of imperial russia
-all social and material advantages now depended on serving the crown

Question 21

what was the enlightenment?

Answer 21

it was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century europe and the american colonies

Question 22

what was the purpose of the enlightenment?

Answer 22

1. to reform society using REASON
2. to advance knowledge through science

Question 23

what did the enlightenment oppose?

Answer 23

superstition, intolerance, and some abused by church and state

Question 24

the central doctrines of the enlightenment philosophers were

Answer 24

individual liberty and religious tolerance

Question 25

a significant criticism of the enlightenment was that its followers

Answer 25

subjected everything to criticism and challenged both political and religious authority

Question 26

the 3 main reasons for immigration to the “new world”

Answer 26

economic, political, religious freedom

Question 27

by 1776 there 3 types of colonies

Answer 27

proprietary, charter, royal

Question 28

were the executive authority in the colonies, carrying out the kings instructions

Answer 28

royal governors

Question 29

navigation act of 1651, 1660, 1663

Answer 29

regulate and control colonial trade

Question 30

the french and indians war in america

Answer 30

for control over the lucrative fur trade

Question 31

denial of western lands infuriated colonists

Answer 31

proclamation of 1763

Question 32

the stamp act of 1765 colonial response

Answer 32

•virginia assembly passed the virginia resolves, only the virginia assembly had the right to tax virginians •new england colonies mobilized a group of protestors the sons of liberty -they use violence and intimidation to avoid the taxes •new york- stamp act congress - congress peaceably petitions parliament for a redress

Question 33

coercive acts

Answer 33

1. boston port act 2. massachusetts government acts 3. impartial administration of justice act 4. quartering act

Question 34

second continental congress issued a declaration of independence

Answer 34

july 4th, 1776

Question 35

ideals of the enlightenment put in writing and mandates the government must abide by them

Answer 35

the constitution of the united states of america