Chapter Four: Plant Tissues

Question 1

four basic tissue types that make up gymnosperms and angiosperms

Answer 1

1. meristems
2. ground tissue
3. dermal tissue
4. vascular tissue

Question 2

regions of active cell division

Answer 2

meristems

Question 3

meristems contain ____ cells

Answer 3

undifferentiated

Question 4

meristem that is located near the tips of shoots and roots in all plants

Answer 4

apical meristem

Question 5

three types of primary tissue

Answer 5

1. protoderm
2. procambium
3. ground meristem

Question 6

the protoderm gives rise to the ____

Answer 6

epidermis

Question 7

the procambium gives rise to the ___ and ___

Answer 7

primary xylem and primary phloem

Question 8

the ground meristem gives rise to the ___ and ___

Answer 8

cortex and pith

Question 9

pith is found in the central region of ____

Answer 9

monocots

Question 10

apical meristems allow shoots and roots to ____; this is known as ____

Answer 10

lengthen
primary growth

Question 11

located near older roots and shoots of woody dicots and gymnosperms

Answer 11

lateral meristems (cambia)

Question 12

gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem

Answer 12

vascular cambium

Question 13

gives rise to outer bark

Answer 13

cork cambium

Question 14

lateral meristems allow shoots and roots in ___; this is known as ___

Answer 14

increase in girth
secondary growth

Question 15

located at the base of grass plants, allows grass to regrow after being cut back

Answer 15

intercalated meristems

Question 16

makes up the bulk of plant interior

Answer 16

ground tissue

Question 17

3 cell types in ground tissue

Answer 17

1. parenchyma
2. sclerenchyma
3. collenchyma

Question 18

parenchyma cells have a ___ cell wall

Answer 18

thin

Question 19

parenchyma cells function in ___, ___, and ___

Answer 19

cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and storage of metabolic products

Question 20

sclerenchyma cells have a ___ cell wall and are ___ at maturity

Answer 20

thick
dead

Question 21

sclerenchyma cells function to support ____ regions of plants; aka ___ support

Answer 21

non-growing
rigid

Question 22

two different types of sclerenchyma

Answer 22

sclerids, fibers

Question 23

collenchyma cells have a ___ cell

Answer 23

unevenly thick

Question 24

collenchyma cells function to support growing regions of ___

Answer 24

shoots

Question 25

a single layer of tightly packed cells covering plants

Answer 25

dermal tissue

Question 26

waxy coating produced by epidermis of stems and leaves

Answer 26

cuticle

Question 27

term for the wax that is produced by epidermis

Answer 27

cutin

Question 28

cuticle functions to ___ and ___

Answer 28

protect plant and conserve water

Question 29

pores extending through epidermis

Answer 29

stomata

Question 30

stomata are made up of ___ and ___

Answer 30

some (the pore) and two specialized epidermal cells

Question 31

specialized epidermal cells in a stomata that can rapidly take on or release water to either open or close the stoma

Answer 31

guard cells

Question 32

when guard cells take in water, the pore ___; when guard cells release water, the pore ___

Answer 32

opens closes

Question 33

the stomata regulates _____

Answer 33

gas and water exchange with the environment

Question 34

epidermal outgrowths

Answer 34

trichomes

Question 35

root hairs increase ____ for ____

Answer 35

surface area absorption of water

Question 36

lead hairs slow ____ which reduces ____

Answer 36

air movement over leaf water loss

Question 37

some trichomes deter ____

Answer 37

predators

Question 38

specialized conducting tissue in plants

Answer 38

vascular tissue

Question 39

vascular tissue is ___, meaning it is made up of more than one ___

Answer 39

complex cell type

Question 40

transports water and dissolved materials from roots to shoots

Answer 40

xylem

Question 41

xylem only transports water and materials in the direction of ____

Answer 41

roots to shoots (up the plant)

Question 42

why does xylem only transport water up the plant

Answer 42

transpiration creates a negative pressure, so the water moves up

Question 43

xylem consists of ___ and ___

Answer 43

tracheids and vessel elements

Question 44

tracheids have ___ ends and are more ___ than vessel elements

Answer 44

tapered, narrow

Question 45

tracheids transport water under ___ pressure

Answer 45

higher

Question 46

tracheids have ___ that allow for ___ transport

Answer 46

pits lateral

Question 47

vessel elements are built like ___

Answer 47

drinking straws

Question 48

vessel elements are lined up in long pathways called ___; they transport water at ___ pressure

Answer 48

vessels low

Question 49

xylem tissue is ___ at maturity

Answer 49

dead

Question 50

xylem have ___ secondary cell walls

Answer 50

thick

Question 51

___, ___, and ___ are also found in xylem

Answer 51

parenchymal cells, ray tissue, and fiber

Question 52

ray tissue is specifically designed for ___

Answer 52

lateral transport

Question 53

phloem is always associated with ___

Answer 53

xylem

Question 54

phloem transports ____ throughout the plant

Answer 54

organic compounds

Question 55

phloem consists of ___ and ___

Answer 55

sieve tube members and companion cells

Question 56

sieve cells have ___ on the end of the tube to help regulate ___ and ___

Answer 56

screens flow and pressure

Question 57

companion cells function only to

Answer 57

protect and support sieve cells

Question 58

phloem tissue is ___ at maturity

Answer 58

alive

Question 59

___, ___, and ___ also found in phloem

Answer 59

parenchyma, ray tissue, and fiber

Question 60

phloem transports organic molecules in the direction of ___

Answer 60

roots to shoots (up) AND shoots to roots (down)

Question 61

all plants are built from ___ tissue

Answer 61

primary

Question 62

some plants develop ___ and ___ to replace primary tissue

Answer 62

vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 63

the vascular cambium and cork cambium allow for growth in ___ and replacement of ___ with ___

Answer 63

diameter primary tissue with secondary tissue

Question 64

all secondary tissues fall into the category of ___ or ___

Answer 64

wood or bark

Question 65

secondary xylem

Answer 65

wood

Question 66

wood is added by the ___

Answer 66

vascular cambium

Question 67

secondary phloem

Answer 67

bark

Question 68

the inner bark is constantly compressed by ___ and ___

Answer 68

wood growth and outer bark growth

Question 69

outer bark comes from ____

Answer 69

cork cambium