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chem ch 16 Flashcards

1
Q

An acid, when dissolved in water, ____

A

increases conc of H+ ions

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2
Q

A base, when dissolved in water ______

A

inc conc of hydroxide, OH- ions

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3
Q

An acid is a proton ______

A

donor

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4
Q

A base is a proton _______

A

acceptor

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5
Q

An acid must have at least one ________

A

removable, acidic proton H+ to donate

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6
Q

Base must have at least one ________

A

non bonding pair of e- to accept a proton

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7
Q

Amphiprotic molecules

A

HCO3- , HSO4- , H2O

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8
Q

When a H+ ion is formed in water…

A

it wont be alone for long, H bonds will form

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9
Q

Water is an acid or base…

A

base, will abstract a H+ ion from acid
-the conj base of the acid and a hydronium ion are formed

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10
Q

Water is amphiprotic because…

A

it can accept a proton from acid, and it can donate a proton like an acid would.

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11
Q

Conj acid base pair

A

two formulas that differ by H+, and dont have strong acid or strong base

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12
Q

Reactions between acids and bases always yield…

A

their conj bases and acids

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13
Q

Strong acids

A

their conj bases dont act as acid in water

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14
Q

strong bases

A

their conj acids dont act as acids in water

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15
Q

In every acid base rxn, equilibrium favors ….

A

transfer of the proton from the stronger acid to the stronger base, to form the weaker acid and the weaker base.

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16
Q

Autoionization

A

a few molecules act as bases and a few act as acids

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17
Q

Kc= ….

A

Kc= [H3O+][OH-]

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18
Q

Kw, or ion product constant for water, is …

A

at 25deg C, Kw= 1.0*10^-14

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19
Q

[H+] = [OH-]

A

neutral soln

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20
Q

[H+] > [OH-]

A

acidic soln

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21
Q

[H+]< [OH-]

A

basic soln

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22
Q

pH is the

A

hydrogen ion conc

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23
Q

pH=…..

A

pH=-log[H+]

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24
Q

Neutral pH, Acidic pH, Basic pH`

A

7, below 7, above 7

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25
Q

pOH=

A

pOH=-log[OH-]

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26
Q

pKw=

A

pKw= -log Kw

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27
Q

____ + ____ = pKw = 14

A

pH + pOH

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28
Q

how does pH meter work

A

electrodes indicate small changes in voltage to detect pH

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29
Q

The seven strong acids aka the strong electrolytes

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4

30
Q

strong electrolytes

A

exist completely as ions in aq soln

31
Q

Strong bases aka soluble hydroxides

A

Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+

32
Q

Strong bases will _____ in aq soln

A

completely dissacociate

33
Q

acid dissociation constant, ka=

A

Ka= [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

34
Q

The larger the Ka, the ______ the acid

A

stronger

35
Q

Percent ionization=

A

[H3O+]at eq / [HA]initial * 100

36
Q

how to calc pH using Ka

A

-write chemical equation for ionization eq
-write eq constant expression
-make ICE table for eq conc
-sub eq conc into eq constant expression and solve for x

37
Q

[H+]eq = [HA]initial

A

strong acid

38
Q

[H+]eq < [HA]initial

A

weak acid

39
Q

Polyprotic acids…

A

have more than one acidic proton. Its always easier to remove the 1st proton then any protons after it.

40
Q

NH3 is a …

A

weak base

41
Q

Amines

A

organic derivitives of ammonia

42
Q

Types of weak bases

A

-neutral substances with an atom that has a nonbonding pair of e- that can accept H+ (like ammonia and amines)
-anions of weak acids, which are there conj bases

43
Q

Ka * Kb =

A

Kw (for a conj acid base pair)

44
Q

Hydrolysis

A

when ions react with water to form h+ or OH-

45
Q

Cations can be…

A

acidic or neutral

46
Q

Anions can be….

A

acidic, basic, or neutral

47
Q

How do you determine whether a salt is an acid or a base

A

look at cation and anion seperately

48
Q

Anions of strong acids are…

A

neutral

49
Q

Anions of weak acids are….

A

conj bases, so they create OH- in water.

50
Q

In anions, if Ka>Kb, it is _____ and if Kb> Ka, it is________

A

acidic, basic

51
Q

Group 1 and 2 metal cations are

A

neutral

52
Q

Polyatomic cations are….

A

the conj acids of a weak base

53
Q

Transition metal cations are acidic bc….

A

there are no H atoms

54
Q

Transition and post transition metals form…

A

hydrated cations

55
Q

The water attached to the metal is more acidic than free water molecules….

A

making hydrated ions ACIDIC

56
Q

Group 1 or 2 metal cation with anion of a strong acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

A

neutral

57
Q

Group 1 or 2 metal cation with anion of a weak acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

A

basic

58
Q

Transition metal cation or polyatomic cation with anion of a strong acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

A

acidic

59
Q

Transition metal cation or polyatomic cation with anion of a weak acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

A

must compare Ka and Kb, whichever is greater will dictate what the salt is

60
Q

The three factors that effect acid strength

A

-HA bond must be polarized with 8+ on the H atom and 8- on the A atom
-bond strength: weaker bonds easily broken, making acid stronger
-stability of A-: more stable anion means stronger acid

61
Q

Binary acids consist of an element and

A

H atom

62
Q

In a group, _________ is the most important factor

A

HA bond strength

63
Q

Within a period, _______ is the most important factor to determine acid strength

A

bond polarity

64
Q

Oxyacids

A

consist of some nonmetal element along with H and O

65
Q

As electronegativity inc, the acidity….

A

inc for acids with the same structure

66
Q

If an element can form more than one oxyacid….

A

the oxyacid with more O atoms is more acidic

67
Q

If oxidation number inc…

A

acidity inc

68
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

organic acids with an COOH group

69
Q

Lewis acids

A

electron pair acceptors

70
Q

Lewis bases

A

electron pair donors

71
Q

Higher charges =

A

stronger acid

Flash Cards (21 decks)

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