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phys Final ex 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The neurotransmitter receptor in a sympathetic ganglion:

A

nicotinic

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2
Q

Heart rate is slowed by

A

activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the heart

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3
Q

An increase in sympathetic activity

A

causes dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs

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4
Q

The neurotransmitter receptor in a sympathetic ganglion:

A

nicotinic

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5
Q

The neurotransmitter receptor in sympathetic target tissue:

A

adregenic

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6
Q

The neurotransmitter receptor in parasympathetic target tissue:

A

muscarinic

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7
Q

An increase in parasympathetic activity

A

slows heart rate

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8
Q

The neurotransmitter receptor in a parasympathetic ganglion:

A

nicotinic

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9
Q

Heart rate and contractility are increased by

A

norepinephrine activation of beta-1 receptors

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10
Q

Which type of muscle is striated?

A

both cardiac and skeletal muscle

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11
Q

During contraction myosin heads bind to

A

g-actin

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12
Q

The motor protein of a muscle that is an ATPase:

A

myosin

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13
Q

During isometric contraction neither the muscle nor the sarcomeres shorten. (T/F)

A

false, sarcomeres shorten

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14
Q

During contraction of striated muscle the Z disk is pulled toward the M line. (T/F)

A

true

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15
Q

In muscle, the power stroke occurs when

A

Pi is released from myosin

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16
Q

Excitation contraction coupling occurs when

A

calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

The rigor state occurs in muscle when

A

there is a deficiency of ATP

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18
Q

The contractile muscle cells of the heart receive

A

only sympathetic autonomic innervation

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19
Q

The S1 heart sound is produced by

A

closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves

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20
Q

Blood passively enters the heart during ventricular

A

diastole

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21
Q

The pacemaker cells of the heart receive

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

22
Q

The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the

A

SA node

23
Q

In which of the following vessels is blood most oxygenated?

A

the left pulmonary veins

24
Q

The sympathetic input to the heart regulates:

A

the force of heart muscle contraction.

the volume of blood pumped per contraction.

the heart rate

25
Q

Which heart valve is opened during ventricular systole?

A

Aortic

26
Q

Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle cells involves

A

calcium induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

The ventricles contract from the apex up to the base of the heart. (T/F)

A

True

28
Q

With regard to the blood vessels, the pressure is highest in the _____ and lowest in the _______.

A

aorta, venae cavae

29
Q

Which of the following increases the force of ventricular contractions?

A

increased intracellular Ca2+

30
Q

The main site of variable resistance in the vascular system:

A

Arterioles

31
Q

Activation of which adrenergic receptor in the heart increases both heart rate and stroke volume?

A

Beta1

32
Q

Which of the following occurs when acetylcholine receptors in cardiac pacemaker cells are activated?

A

K+ channels are opened, slowing heart rate

33
Q

Which of the following increases cardiac output?

A

Increased sympathetic activity

34
Q

Stroke volume is ___

A

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction

35
Q

When the radius of a blood vessel increases:

A

Resistance decreases

36
Q

Which of the following receptors causes vasodilation during sympathetic stimulation?

A

Beta2 adrenergic

37
Q

Systolic blood pressure has a greater influence on mean arterial pressure than diastolic blood pressure because the heart spends 2/3 of the cardiac cycle in ventricular systole. (T/F)

A

False
-Diastolic BP has a greater influence on MAP than Systolic BP because the heart spends
2/3rd of the time in diastole

38
Q

Increased end diastolic volume (EDV) results in:

A

Increased stroke volume

Increased stretching of the left ventricle

Increased cardiac output

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

A

return excess fluid from the interstitium to the arterial end of capillaries

40
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system?

A

return excess fluid from the interstitium to the venous circulation

immune system (lymphocytes and macrophages) activity

return excess fluid from the interstitium to the venous circulation

transfer of fat, absorbed from the small intestine, to the circulatory system

41
Q

Granulocytic blood cells that secrete chemical agents in response to tissue damage:

A

Basophils

42
Q

Which ion is required for blood clot formation by the coagulation cascade?

A

Ca2+

43
Q

Lymph capillaries are highly permeable to

A

fluid

proteins

bacteria

44
Q

Phagocytic blood cells:

A

Macrophages

45
Q

Blood flow velocity is slowest through

A

capillaries

46
Q

The movement of fluid out of capillaries into the interstitium results from

A

hydrostatic pressure in the arterial end

47
Q

Blood cells that synthesize antibodies and attack invading pathogens:

A

Lymphocytes

48
Q

All exchange of materials (nutrients, wastes, etc.) between blood and interstitial fluid occurs across the walls of

A

capillaries

49
Q

Thrombin is involved in both the formation of fibrin clots and fibrinolysis. (T/F)

A

True

50
Q

The movement of fluid from the interstitium into capillaries results from

A

colloidal osmotic pressure in the venous end

Flash Cards (21 decks)

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