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Flash Cards > ochem ch1 > Flashcards

ochem ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

hydrogen bonds form with:

A

F , O , N

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2
Q

single bonds are ____ than multiple bonds but ____

A

longer, weaker

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3
Q

covalent bonds characteristics

A

-shared e-
-when shared equally, nonpolar
-NM + NM

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4
Q

ionic bonds characteristics

A

-e- are transferred
-metals will give e-, NM’s will steal e-
-metal +NM

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5
Q

alkenes and alkynes are sat or unsat

A

unsaturated

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6
Q

alkanes are sat or unsat

A

saturated

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7
Q

methyl group

A

CH3 group

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7
Q

alkene

A

contain at least one double bond

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7
Q

alkyne

A

triple bond hydrocarbon

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7
Q

where are CH3 groups in a structure

A

at the ends

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8
Q

ether

A

when an O atom is between two C atoms
C - O - C

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9
Q

alcohols

A

ending in OH. have an OH group.

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10
Q

ketones

A

carbon of a carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbons

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11
Q

carbonyl

A

carbon atom double bonded to oxygen atom

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12
Q

aldehyde

A

contains a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain.
-carbon with a double bond to O, single bond to H, and single bond to R

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13
Q

ester

A

carbonyl group, and the carbon is bonded to another oxygen

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14
Q

carboxylic acid

A

carbonyl group + hydroxyl group

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15
Q

double bond contains

A

1 pi and 1 sigma

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16
Q

sigma bond is

A

single bond

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17
Q

triple bond is

A

2 pi and 1 sigma

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18
Q

sigma bonds are ______ than pi bonds

A

STRONGER

19
Q

how do you determine hybridization around a Carbon

A

count number of atoms attached to the C, and number of lone pairs it has
then find the hybridization that matches that number.

20
Q

hydrogen can only have ____ orbital

A

S orbital

21
Q

hybridization is

A

combination of electron configs, excluding 1s

22
Q

Which of the following statements about resonance structures is true?

A

Resonance structures have the same placement of atoms but different arrangement of electrons.

23
Q

All Brønsted-Lowry bases contain a

A

lone pair of electrons or a π bond

24
Q

bronsted lowry acid is a

A

proton donor

25
Q

how to determine if a compound is a bronsted lowrey base

A

is it going to accept an H+ proton, does that compound exist. (HPO exists.)

-has a pi bond or lone pair.

26
Q

how do you determine shift of equilibrium

A

whichever side is being added to, or has more ve-, the rxn will shift to the opposite side to compensate.

27
Q

why is HBr a stronger acid than HF ?

A

Br is larger than F, so HBr is more stable.

28
Q

what explains the difference in acidity between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH)?

A

resonance

29
Q

The stronger an acid, the greater the ionization, the lower the ….

A

pka

30
Q

Resonance only occurs when a molecule has at least….

A

one double bond

31
Q

Resonance structures must all have (besides double bond)

A

the correct number of electrons and must all obey the octet rule.

32
Q

lowest pka means…

A

the stronger acid.

33
Q

how to determine strongest base

A

will have the weakest conjugate acid

34
Q

To determine the strongest acid among the compounds, we need to consider

A

the stability of their conjugate bases.
-also, presence of a triple bond.

35
Q

methyl groups ____ stability

A

increase

36
Q

the stronger the acid

A

the WEAKER the conjugate base

37
Q

the more STABLE the conjugate base…

A

the more acidic the acid.

38
Q

as the S character of a Carbon atom increases,,,

A

the acidity increases.

39
Q

the more stable/weak the conjugate base, the ________

A

stronger the acid.

40
Q

A STRONG base is going to accept a proton easily because it’s …

A

LESS STABLE

41
Q

the more stable the base….

A

the more weaker it is.

42
Q

ARIO

A

atom size/EN
resonance
inductive
orbitals

43
Q

the stronger the acid, the weaker the…

A

conjugate base

44
Q

resonance (related to basicity)

A

Delocalization lowers the energy of electrons (weaker base).

45
Q

induction

A

electronegative atoms near the basic atom stabilize the base (weaker base).

46
Q

Greater s-character (aka sp=50, sp2 = 33) in hybrid orbitals results in ….

A

weaker, more stable base

47
Q

The more larger the basic atom in a group,
or the more electronegative the basic atom in a period….

A

the more stable the base (weaker base).

48
Q

alkane

A

contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds.
all C - C bonds are single.

Flash Cards (21 decks)

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