CHEM KINETICS PART 1

Question 1

To ensure that the patient receives the correct dose of a drug, the ____ must be known

Answer 1

rate of degradation

Question 2

are chemical in nature and take place at definite rates

Answer 2

degradative reactions

Question 3

the study of rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 3

chemical kinetics

Question 4

speed of a chemical reaction

Answer 4

reaction rate

Question 5

RAEACTION RATE

relationship between time, drug, and degradation

Answer 5

as time increases, drug decreases, degradation increases

drug degrades over time

Question 6

• Deals with the stability of drugs and the mode of action of their degradation through the examination of rate of reaction.
• Can provide predictive information to anticipate stability problems

Answer 6

chemical kinetics

Question 7

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Deals with the stability of drugs and the mode of action of their degradation through the examination of ____

Answer 7

RATE OF REACTION

Question 8

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Can provide ____ to anticipate stability problems

Answer 8

PREDICTIVE INFORMATION

Question 9

TYPES OF ORDER OF REACTION

constant amount is degraded

e.g. alcohol, aspirin

Answer 9

zero order

Question 10

TYPES OF ORDER OF REACTION

follows zero order kinetics

Answer 10

straight line

Question 11

the time required for one-half (50%) of the material to disappear

Answer 11

HALF-LIFE

Question 12

the time required for 10% of the material to disappear

Answer 12

SHELF-LIFE

Question 13

TYPES OF ORDER OF REACTION

constant fraction/percent of drug is degraded over time

Answer 13

first order kinetics

Question 14

first order kinetics follows a what type of line

Answer 14

curved line

Question 15

determination of order of reaction

Answer 15

graphical
half-life

Question 16

REACTION RATE

ZERO order

Answer 16

independent to C

Question 17

REACTION RATE

FIRST order

Answer 17

directly proportional to C

Question 18

HALF LIFE

ZERO order

Answer 18

directly proportional to C

Question 19

HALF LIFE

FIRST order

Answer 19

independent to C

Question 20

the time period during which a drug product is expected to remain within the approved specification for use, provided that it is stored under the conditions defined on the container label

Answer 20

shelf life

Question 21

the date placed on the container label of a drug product designating the time prior to which a batch of the product is expected to remain within the approved shelf-life specification

Answer 21

expiration date

Question 22

DETERMINATION OF SHELF LIFE

used to predict temperature stability

Answer 22

arrhenius equation

Question 23

DETERMINATION OF SHELF LIFE

can estimate the effect of a 10° rise in temperature on the stability of pharmaceuticals

Answer 23

Q10 method

Question 24

EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF DRUG PRODUCTS

designed to increase the rate of chemical degradation or physical change of a drug or drug product by using exaggerated storage conditions

Answer 24

accelerated stability studies

Question 25

# **EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF DRUG PRODUCTS** * carried out under **more severe conditions** than those used for accelerated testing * **High temperature**, **humidity**, **high or low pH**

Answer 25

stress testing

Question 26

# **DECOMPOSITION & STABILIZATION** - a **chemical bond** is **split** via the **addition of water** - e.g. **esters** and **amides** - Protection: 1. pH **buffers** 2. Type of **solvent** 3. **Structure** modification

Answer 26

hydrolysis

Question 27

# **DECOMPOSITION & STABILIZATION** - **transfer** of electrons - e.g. **steroids**, **vitamins**, **antibiotics** - Protection: 1. **Low O2** content 2. **Antioxidants** 3. pH **buffers** 4. **Type** of Solvent

Answer 27

oxidation

Question 28

# **DECOMPOSITION & STABILIZATION** - **absorption** of **radiant energy** in the form of **light** - e.g. **nifedipine**, **hydrocortisone** - Protection: 1. **Storage** condition

Answer 28

photolysis

Question 29

# **FACTORS THAT AFFECT REACTION RATES** - a substance that **increases the reaction rate** WITHOUT undergoing a **net chemical change itself** - **lowers Ea**

Answer 29

catalyst

Question 30

# **FACTORS THAT AFFECT REACTION RATES** - increase in **KE** - **faster** molecules - **more** collision - the **reaction rate** of virtually all reactions **increases** with increasing ____

Answer 30

temperature effects

Question 31

# **FACTORS THAT AFFECT REACTION RATES** - **more** **reactant** particles that collide - **more often** a reaction can occur - the **reaction rate** usually **increases** as the ____ of the reactants **increases**

Answer 31

concentration effects

Question 32

**reactions occur** when reactant molecules **EFFECTIVELY COLLIDE**

Answer 32

COLLISION THEORY

Question 33

facilitate the **breaking** and **forming of bonds** and the **rearrangement of atoms**

Answer 33

effective collision