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MOD 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

AGENT/SUBSTANCE intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, and prevention of disease

A

DRUG

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2
Q
  • Form suited for ADMINISTRATION to the patient
  • Used in MAXIMIZING and OPTIMIZING the
    benefit and efficacy of the drug
A

DOSAGE FORM

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3
Q
  • FINISHED DOSAGE FORM that contains ACTIVE INGREDIENT & EXCIPIENTS
  • Active ingredients + excipients =
A

DRUG PRODUCT

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4
Q

it is also considered as the ACTIVE INGREDIENT that is PRESENT in the drug product

A

DRUG

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5
Q

used to deliver medications to SPECIFIC AREAS

A

PHYSICAL CARRIERS

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6
Q

Means of administering drugs to the body in a safe, efficient, reproducible, and convenient manner

A

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

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7
Q

can be a combination of liquid & solid, liquid & gas, solid & gas

A

POLYPHASIC

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8
Q

POLY means

A

MANY

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9
Q

PHASIC means

A

FORM

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10
Q

Dosage forms are grouped by their

A

STATE OF MATTER

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11
Q
  • Science that deals with the DEVELOPMENT/FORMULATION of drug
  • Monitors how drug products are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body (biopharm)
  • Physical pharmacy
A

PHARMACEUTICS

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12
Q

Combine a broad range of scientific disciplines that are critical to the DISOCVERY AND DEVELOPMENT of NEW DRUGS & THERAPIES

A

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

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13
Q

o Synthesis of new drug molecules
o Identify compounds that treat diseases
o Design, deliver the drug to the site of action
o Natural / synthetic ingredients

A

DRUG DISCOVERY & DESIGN

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14
Q

uses PRECURSORS

A

SYNTHETIC INGREDIENTS

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15
Q

chemical compounds that HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED ALREADY

A

PRECURSORS

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16
Q

o Ensures the drug delivered arrives in
the RIGHT CONCENTRATION AT THE RIGHT TIME

A

DOSAGE FORMS / DRUG DELIVERY

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17
Q

studies PHYSICOCHEMICAL properties
o Physical Pharmacy
o Biopharmaceutics

A

PHARMACEUTICS

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18
Q

 What the BODY does to the drug
 ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

A

PHARMACOKINETICS

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19
Q

 What the DRUG does to the body
 MOA (Mechanism of Action)

A

PHARMACODYNAMICS

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20
Q
  • Physical, chemical, biological characteristics
  • Also important in the ADVANCEMENT OF DOSAGE FORMS
A

PHYSICAL PHARMACY

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21
Q

what are needed to create an ideal drug product

A
  1. Uniformly made with precise dose in each dosage form
  2. Working according to the prescribed regimen to provide therapeutic effects
  3. Physically stable & appealing
  4. Clearly labeled with storage conditions and expiration date
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22
Q

Drugs and pharmaceutical materials should be _______ with each other to produce a drug that is stable, efficacious, attractive, easy to administer, and safe.

A

COMPATIBLE

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23
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

physical description

A

PHYSICAL

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24
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

particle size

A

PHYSICAL

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25
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL melting point
PHYSICAL
26
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL crystalline structure
PHYSICAL
27
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL solubility
PHYSICAL
28
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL molecular structure
CHEMICAL
29
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL molecular form
CHEMICAL
30
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL reactivity
CHEMICAL
31
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL drug reaching the site of action
BIOLOGICAL
32
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL elicit of biological response
BIOLOGICAL
33
- MAJOR METHOD of achieving CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE - Developed by Alza under the name OROS
ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP
34
ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP is developed by
ALZA
35
ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP is developed under the name
OROS
36
RELEASE of drug from its dosage form
LIBERATION
37
into the bloodstream
ABSORPTION
38
to various parts of the body
DISTRIBUTION
39
by enzymes
METABOLISM
40
through kidneys or other route
EXCRETION
41
separation of charge
DIPOLE MOMENT
42
NON-METALLIC SUBSTANCE having a HIGH SPECIFIC RESISTANCE, a negative temperature coefficient of resistance and a high insulating resistance
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
43
Pharmaceutical ingredients solubilize, suspend, thicken, dilute, emulsify, stabilize, preserve, color, flavor, and fashion medicinal agents into efficacious and appealing dosage forms.
EXCIPIENTS
44
UNIT & SYMBOL length
meter, m
45
UNIT & SYMBOL mass
kilogram, kg
46
UNIT & SYMBOL time
second, s
47
UNIT & SYMBOL electric current
ampere, A
48
UNIT & SYMBOL temperature
kelvin, K
49
UNIT & SYMBOL luminous intensity
candela, cd
50
UNIT & SYMBOL amount of substance
mole, mol
51
7 FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
length mass time electric current temperature luminous intensity amount of substance
52
* “Within molecules”, stronger * E.g., Ionic/electrovalent, and covalent bonds
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES
53
* “Between molecules” * Easy to break * Attractive force BETWEEN neighboring molecules * E.g., Van der Waals Forces, H-bonds
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
54
When molecules interact with each other, they do so by the actions
REPULSIVE & ATTRACTIVE FORCES
55
“Together”
ATTRACTIVE FORCES
56
like molecules
COHESIVE FORCES
57
unlike molecules
ADHESIVE FORCES
58
“Apart”
REPULSIVE FORCES
59
at what distance are the attractive and repulsive forces EQUAL
3 - 4 x 10^-8 cm in distance
60
BOND TYPE & ELECTRON SHARING less than 0.5
NON POLAR, EQUALLY SHARED
61
BOND TYPE & ELECTRON SHARING 0.5 - 1.9
POLAR COVALENT, UNEQUALLY SHARED
62
BOND TYPE & ELECTRON SHARING greater than 1.9
IONIC, TRANSFER --> element with higher EN
63
ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE non polar, equally shared
less than 0.5
64
ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE polar covalent, unequally shared
0.5 - 1.9
65
ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE ionic, transfer of electrons
greater than 1.9
66
in polar covalent bonding, the unequally shared electron favors which element
element with higher EN
67
- this has a significant impact on attractive and repulsive forces - reliant on electronegativity
POLARITY
68
ability to ATTRACT electrons
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
69
relationship between EN & polarity
the higher the EN, the more polar the molecule
70
A molecule with NO POLAR BONDS
NONPOLAR
71
A molecule with ONE POLAR BOND
POLAR
72
two factors that dictates the polarity of a molecule
POLARITY OF INDIVIDUAL BONDS OVERALL SHAPE
73
OH is present
POLAR
74
hydrocarbon chain
NONPOLAR
75
Van der Waals attractive forces
o Keesom forces o Debye forces o London forces
76
charged particle
DIPOLE
77
nonpolar, partial charging, happens in organic compounds only
INDUCED DIPOLE
78
polar - polar, dipole - dipole
KEESOM
79
polar - nonpolar, dipole - induced
DEBYE
80
nonpolar - nonpolar, induced - induced
LONDON
81
KEESOM forces has what effect
ORIENTATION effect
82
* Dipole-dipole forces / Ion-dipole interaction * Occur when polar molecules possessing permanent dipoles, having partial positively charged and a partial negatively charged end, interact. → Polar molecule + Polar molecule
KEESOM FORCES
83
DEBYE forces has what effect
INDUCTION EFFECT
84
* Dipole-induced dipole forces * Occur when polar molecules produce a TEMPORARY ELECTRIC CHARGE DIPOLE in nonpolar molecules → polar molecule + non polar molecule
DEBYE FORCES
85
LONDON forces has what effect
DISPERSION EFFECT
86
* Induced dipole-induced dipole forces * Occur in by INTERNAL VIBRATIONS in nonpolar molecules to produce attraction that arises because of FLUCTUATING DIPOLES in neighboring atoms → non polar molecule + non polar molecule
LONDON FORCES
87
WEAKEST force
LONDON FORCES
88
electrostatic force of attraction
KEESOM
89
hydrogens can also exist as
DIATOMIC ATOM
90
basis for standard polarity
WATER, if madissolve sa water then it is polar
91
all IONIC BONDS are
POLAR
92
if an atom gets a FORMAL CHARGE
IONIC BOND
93
* Molecules that are polar are attracted to EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE CHARGES → ion + polar molecule
ION-DIPOLE
94
* The forces of attraction are induced by the CLOSE PROXIMITY of a charged ion to the nonpolar molecule → ion + nonpolar molecule
ION - INDUCED DIPOLE
95
can be intramolecular and intermolecular
HYDROGEN BOND
96
* It is the bond that cause the attraction of H atom for a strongly electronegative atom such as O, N, F, and S. * It is a STRONG TYPE OF DIPOLE-DIPOLE interaction. * It is PARTLY COVALENT in nature. * Responsible for the unusual properties of water such as HIGH BOILING POINT
HYDROGEN BOND

PHYPHARM (28 decks)

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