chemistry - atomic bonds Flashcards
(16 cards)
Describe the structure of an atom.
a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells
True or False, the nucleus fills most of the atom.
False. In fact, if you grew an atom to the size of Wembley Stadium, the nucleus would be the size of a blueberry.
What is the relative charge of a proton?
1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/2000
What is the meaning of the atomic number of an element and the relative mass of an element?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, it is also equal to the number of electrons in the outer shells of the atom. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
How do electrons fill shells?
Electrons fill the lowest energy shells first. The first shell holds up to 2 electrons, the second holds up to 8, and the third also holds up to 8 (for the first 20 elements).
What is the connection between the number of outer electrons and an element’s position in the periodic table?
The number of electrons in the outer shell is the same as the group number in the periodic table for Groups 1–7.
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or a group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
How are ionic bonds formed?
They are formed by the transfer of electrons to produce cations and anions.
What is a covalent bond?
It is a pair of electrons shared between atoms
What does covalent bonding result in?
The formation of molecules
What type of diagram is used to represent ionic and covalent bonds?
A dot and cross diagram
