Chemistry of Life Test

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

-The base unit of matter and also the smallest unit of matter

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

-In cells

-The structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

-Negatively charged particle

-Located outside the nucleus

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

• A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 5

Isotope

Answer 5

-a form of an element where atoms have the same number of protons (defining the element) but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses while still sharing similar chemical properties;

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

-A substance formed by the chemical

Question 7

Ionic bond

Answer 7

-A chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

An atom that has a positive or negative charge

Question 9

Covalent Bond

Answer 9

A type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

The smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

Question 11

Van der Waals Forces

Answer 11

-A weak interaction

-Slight attraction that develops between opposite charged regions of nearby molecules

Question 12

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 12

-An unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable

Question 13

In a chemical compound what things are being put together?

Answer 13

Two or more elements

Question 14

Valence electrons

Answer 14

The electrons in the outermost shells

Question 15

Order the following components of matter form least to greatest:

-Compounds

-Electrons

-Elements

-protons

-neutrons

Answer 15

electrons, protons, neutrons, elements, and compounds

Question 16

What does the atomic number consist of?

Answer 16

of protons

of electrons

Question 17

What does the atomic mass consist of?

Answer 17

-Protons and neutrons = atomic mass

Question 18

Are the properties of the compound the same as the elements that make it up?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What does it mean when water is a polar molecule?

Answer 19

Water has a positive side and a negative side (slightly)

-Polarity results in nearby water molecules being attracted to each other; hydrogen bonds

Question 20

Adhesion

Answer 20

-Force of attention between different kinds of molecules

-Water sticking to other things

Question 21

Cohesion

Answer 21

-Attraction between molecules of the same substance

-Water sticking to itself

Question 22

Surface Tension

Answer 22

-An thin, invisible, skin on the surface at a liquid created by the strong attraction between liquid molecules.

Question 23

Universal Solvent

Answer 23

-A substance that can dissolve multiple other substances

Question 24

High Heat Capacity

Answer 24

-Property where a substantial can absorb large amount of heat energy before it temperature majority increases.

Question 25

Differentiate between a solution and a suspension?

Answer 25

A solution is something dissolves in something else and suspension is when the stuff hasn't dissolved and its separates in the mixture

Question 26

Acid

Answer 26

-Below 7 on the pH scale

Question 27

Base

Answer 27

-Above 7 on the pH scale

Question 28

What type of molecules will create a solution when mixed with water?

Answer 28

Ions or polar molecules

Question 29

Buffer

Answer 29

A compound that prevent, sharp, sudden changes in pH

Question 30

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 30

weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and another atom that is slightly negative

Question 31

Solution

Answer 31

a type of mixture which all the compounds are evenly distrubuted

Question 32

Solute

Answer 32

substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 33

Solvent

Answer 33

a dissolving substance in a solution

Question 34

Mixture

Answer 34

material composed of tow or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Question 35

How do buffers play a role in homeostasis in living things?

Answer 35

By preventing sudden blood change in pH

Question 36

Enzymes

Answer 36

-Biological catalysts -Speeds up chemical reaction by lowering energy needed to be started

Question 37

Activation Energy

Answer 37

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 38

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 38

-Gives off energy -Products have less energy than reactant

Question 39

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 39

-Absorbs energy -Products have more energy than reactants

Question 40

How does the action of an enzyme and substrate compare to a Lock and Key? What happens if we change the shape of the key or lock? The active site?

Answer 40

An enzyme only works with a certain substrate; cannot change shape or it won't fit

Question 41

Regulatory molecules

Answer 41

your cells can regulate which enzymes are turned on and which enzymes are turned off, mainly by adding phosphate groups to turn them on

Question 42

pH ---> enzyme

Answer 42

Each enzyme has an optimal pH where it works best -If we change the pH the enzyme may denature or unfold which destroys the enzyme by changing the shape of the active site

Question 43

Heat ---> enzyme

Answer 43

Each enzyme has an optical temperature where it works best -If we change the temperature the enzyme may unfold which destroys the enzyme by changing the active site

Question 44

Regulating enzyme activity and denaturing

Answer 44

-All enzymes work best at a certain temperature and pH -If we change the pH or temperature it will not work as well

Question 45

Macromolecule

Answer 45

A large complex molecule made up of many smaller molecules

Question 46

Types of Macromolecules

Answer 46

Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Nucleic Acids

Question 47

Monomer

Answer 47

a small molecule or atom that joins with other monomers to form larger structures called polymers

Question 48

Polymer

Answer 48

a large molecule made up of many smaller units called monomers

Question 49

Elements of Carbohydrates

Answer 49

-Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen

Question 50

Elements of Lipids

Answer 50

-Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen

Question 51

Elements of Proteins

Answer 51

-Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen -Nitrogen

Question 52

Nucleic Acids

Answer 52

-Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen -Nitrogen -Phosphorus

Question 53

Monomers of Carbohydrates

Answer 53

Monosaccharides

Question 54

Monomers of Lipids

Answer 54

Glycerol Fatty Acids

Question 55

Monomers of Proteins

Answer 55

Amino acids

Question 56

Monomers of Nucleic Acids

Answer 56

Nucleotides

Question 57

Polymers of Carbohydrates

Answer 57

Polysaccharides

Question 58

Polymers of Lipids

Answer 58

-Wax -Steroids -Phospholipids -Triglycerides

Question 59

Polymers of Proteins

Answer 59

Polypeptides

Question 60

Polymers of Nucleic Acid

Answer 60

Polynucleotide

Question 61

Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 61

-Main source of energy for human bodies

Question 62

Function for Lipids

Answer 62

-Provides insulations for organs in our body

Question 63

Function for Proteins

Answer 63

-Builds and repairs tissue

Question 64

Nucleic Acid

Answer 64

-Transfers chemical energy