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chemotherapy agents Flashcards

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1
Q

non-specific chemotherapy drug category

A
  1. nitrosource
  2. alkylating agents
  3. anthracyclines
  4. platinum agents
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2
Q

specific chemotherapy drug category

A
  1. folate antagonist
  2. purine antagonist
  3. pyrimidine analogues
  4. microtubule targeting agents
  5. topoisomerase inhibitors
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3
Q

folate antagonist

A

methotrexate

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4
Q

alkylating agents

A
  1. cyclophosphamide

2. ifosfamide

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5
Q

______ metabolite from alkylating agent can cause bladder irritation

A

acrolein

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6
Q

what is administered with alkylating agents if acrolein metabolite occurs?

A

mesna

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7
Q

is ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide more toxic when it comes to acrolein?

A

ifosfamide

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8
Q

what are toxicities of alkylating agents?

A
  1. myelosuppression
  2. hemorrhage cystitis- buildup of metoblites ex. acrolein
  3. infertility
  4. nausea / vomiting
  5. secondary malignancy
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9
Q

nitrosource is known as the ____ and was developed from WWII mustard gas

A

first chemotherapy agent

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10
Q

what are two drugs that are considered nitrosource chemotherapy drugs?

A

CARLO was a man who fought during the MUSTy WWII

  1. CARmustine
  2. LOmustine
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11
Q

what are the toxicities of nitrosource?

A
  1. nausea and vomiting
  2. myelosuppression
  3. phlebitis
  4. pulmonary issues
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12
Q

what are the the three drugs listed as anthracyclines?

A

anthracycylines are a CYCLE of RUBs to kill of that cancer “rubicin”

  1. doxorubicin
  2. daunorubicin
  3. idarubicin
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13
Q

what major side effects do anthracyclines cause?

A
  1. dose dependent biventricular heart failure

2. extraversion rash and blisters if the IV is not paced in the vein and anthracycline spills into the peripheral tissue

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14
Q

What are three platinum agents?

A

“platin”

  1. cisplatin
  2. carboplatin
  3. oxliplatin
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15
Q

cisplatin side effect

A

nausea and vomiting

nephrotoxic

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16
Q

carboplatin side effect

A

thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

oxliplatin

A

cold sensitivity, peripheral neuropathies and numbness

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18
Q

murine monoclonal antibodies

A
  • onab
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19
Q

chimeric antibodies

A
  • imab
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20
Q

humanized antibodies

A
  • umab
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21
Q

human antibodes

A
  • mumab
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22
Q

what is more toxic for humans humanized, human, murine, or chimeric monoclonal antibodies?

A

less human = worse side effects

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23
Q

Ipilimumab

A

immunotherapy agent that inhibits CTLA4 therefore preventing the inhibition of T cells in cancer patients

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24
Q

Imatinib

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor stops the ATP from binding and phosphorylating

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25
What is seen in the patient as a reaction to taking imatinib?
acneiform rash
26
how does methotrexate work?
binds DHFR
27
toxicities of methotrexate
myelosuppresion and mucositis
28
side effect of bleomycin?
pulmonary
29
breast cancer treatments
1. anti-estrogen | 2. aromatase inhibitor
30
prostate cancer treatments
1. antiandrogens 2. LHRH agonists 3. GnRH 4. CYP17
31
rituximab's target
CD20
32
rituximab is used in the treatment of
lymphoma
33
trastuzumab targets
HER-2
34
trastuzumab is used for the treatment of
breast cancer
35
bevacizumab targets
VEGF-R
36
bevacizumab is used for the treatment of
colorectal cancer and lung cancer
37
bevacizumab toxicities
GI perforation and proteinuria
38
cetuximab targets
EGFR
39
cetuximab is used for the treatment of
colorectal cancer
40
cetuximab toxicity
hypersensitivity - acneiform rash
41
topoisomerase I inhibitors
camptothecins (topotecan and irinotecan)
42
camptothecins (topotecan and irinotecan) toxicity
diarrhea and myelosuppression
43
topoisomerase II inhibitor
etoposide
44
etoposide toxicities
1. secondary malignancies 2. high doses can cause hypotension 3. dose dependent mucositis 4. myelosuppresion
45
microtubule targeting agent examples
1. Vinca alkaloids | 2. Taxanes
46
vinca alkaloids and taxanes inhibit what phase of the cell cycle ?
M phase
47
Vinca Alkaloid toxicity
- fatal if administered intrathecally - neurotoxicity - myelosuppression
48
two types of taxanes
paclitaxel and docetaxel
49
taxanes toxicity
1. hypersensitivity due to vehicle tween80 2. myelosuppresion 3. peripheral neuropathies
50
antimetabolites interfere with which phase of the cell cycle
S phase
51
antimetabolite purpose
interfere with DNA replication
52
antimetabolites are similar to compounds needed for
normal cell function
53
alkylating agents _____ _____ base pairs
directly crosslink
54
purine antagonist
6 mercaptopurine (6-MP)
55
6 mercaptopurine (6-MP) toxicity
myelopsuppresion
56
name three pyrimidine analogues
1. fluorouracil 2. capecitabine 3. cytarabine
57
Cytarabine toxicities
* Cerebellar toxicity – nurses will give neuro exam before administering * Conjunctivitis – because the drug gets secreted in the tear drug
58
Capecitabine toxicities
oral fluorouracial prodrug | • Hand and foot syndrome side effect
59
flurouracil is usually given with _____ as a potentiation drug
leucovorin
60
flurouracil has _______ toxicities
dose dependent
61
flurouracil IV has what toxicities
GI mucositis diarrhea
62
flurouracil bolus has what toxicities
myelopsuppression

Hematology (23 decks)

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