Midterm I

Question 1

reticulocyte count

Answer 1

reticulocyte count (Hb/Hbideal) x 0.5

Question 2

absolute reticulocyte index

Answer 2

reticulocyte % (RBC)

Question 3

supravital staining

Answer 3

reticulocyte with RNA

Question 4

wright giemsa stain

Answer 4

polychromatic cell

Question 5

what are the 7 components of CBC?

Answer 5

RBC
Hemoglobin 
RDW
MCV
MCHC
MCH
Hemocrit

Question 6

What are the 3 components of the CBC that are directly measured?

Answer 6

RBC
Hemoglobin
MCV

Question 7

Bohr effect favors which confirmation T or R?

Answer 7

T deoxy state

HbO2 + H+ –> HbH + O2

Question 8

what four molecules competitively compete for Hb?

Answer 8

CN
H2S
CO2
NO2

Question 9

carbonic anhydrase

Answer 9

CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3

Question 10

three causes for transfusion

Answer 10

1. hypoproliferative anemia
2. cardiac disease
3. anemic patient going into surgery

Question 11

myoglobin is what percentage alpha

Answer 11

80%

Question 12

heme is ____ bound to polypeptide

Answer 12

covalently

Question 13

chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema, high altitude, pregnancy, and chronic anemia have what in common?

Answer 13

increased levels of 2, 3 DPG

Question 14

hereditary methemoglobinemia

Answer 14

1. mutations in the pentose phosphate pathway especially G6P deficiency
2. glutathione usually removes reactive oxygen species therefore preventing MetHbFe3+ from forming
3. reduction in cytochrome b5 reductase

Question 15

lineage specific growth factors

Answer 15

effect progenitor cells 
Il-5 
m- csf
g-csf 
EPO 
TPO

Question 16

non-lineage specific growth factors

Answer 16

Il-3

GM-CSF

Question 17

progenitor cells

Answer 17

myeloid and lymphoid cells

Question 18

normal bone marrow has ____ fat cells

Answer 18

50 %

Question 19

normal bone marrow has what ratio of myeloid to erythroid

Answer 19

3:1

Question 20

target cells

Answer 20

HALT - dont shoot 
H Hbc
A after splenectomy 
L liver disease 
T thalassemia

Question 21

hydroxyurea (6 effects)

Answer 21

• used to treat sickle cell anemia
  1. increases baseline hemoglobin
  2. decreases frequency of painful crises
  3. decreases frequency of acute chest syndrome
  4. decreases mortality
  5. decreases the likelihood of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (however once it has developed it can be treated)
  6. in children may decrease stroke, prevent splenic dysfunction, improve growth and development

Question 22

two causes of iron overload in patients with sickle cell

Answer 22

1. increased absorption in the gut

2. transfusions

Question 23

effects of iron overload

Answer 23

multi-organ failure (HHLP)

1. h heart failure
2. h hypogonadism
3. l liver failure
4. p pancreatic failure

Question 24

beta thalassemia can lead to what six symptoms

Answer 24

1. frontal bossing and bony deformities that can lead to fractures
2. anemia
3. splenomegaly
4. iron overload
5. decreased erythropoiesis –> intramedullary hemolysis
6. hemolysis- destruction of RBC

Question 25

B thalassemia minor and major will have what factor increased on gel electrophoresis; B thalassemia major will differ in which factor

Answer 25

HbA2; decreased HbA

Question 26

phagophagia

Answer 26

symptom of iron deficiency where you have the craving to bite ice

Question 27

before splenectomy?

Answer 27

``` Vaccinate - encapsulated organisms (NIMS) Neisseria Streptococcus pneumoniae  Haemophilus Influenzae Meneghinites ```

Question 28

Overwhelming post splenectomy sepsis

Answer 28

rare side effect of splenectomy even if the patient was vaccinated before the procedure

Question 29

coombs would be used to diagnose

Answer 29

warm and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 30

osmotic fragility test would be used to diagnose

Answer 30

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 31

1. Which best describes the general morphological characteristics of normal blood cell maturation?

Answer 31

1. Nucleus becomes more basophilic

Question 32

megakaryoctyes produce platelets from ?

Answer 32

membrane and protein

Question 33

what cells are not a product of the CFU-GEMM?

Answer 33

lymphocytes

Question 34

schilling test

Answer 34

- test used for B12 deficiency - if there is lack of intrinsic factor or malnutrition leading to B12 deficiency then there is no fluorescent molecule present in the urine; when given with glycoprotein and there is fluorescent molecule in the urine then there is a lack of intrinsic factor

Question 35

pernicious anemia

Answer 35

results from autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells, causing megaloblastic anemia due to decreased B12 absorption