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lymphoma Flashcards

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1
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

thymus and bone marrow

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2
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

more likely to be involved with lymphoma; lymph nodes, spleen, GLAT, MALT

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3
Q

where are proliferating b-cells found in the lymph node

A

germinal center in the follicles

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4
Q

lymph node groups

A

cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, mediastinal, inguinal, femoral, mesenteric supraclavicular

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5
Q

follicular hyperplasia

A
  • proliferation of B lymphocytes - increased need for antibody production - occurs with strep throat
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6
Q

benign reactive lymphadenopathy

A
  • reaction to an immune stimulus - pathologic pattern relates to the type of cell stimulated, normal nodal architecture is preserved - commonest cause of enlarged lymph nodes
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7
Q

t cells express what type of CD

A

CD4 or CD8

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8
Q

normal lymph nodes will consist of a mixture of

A

b cells and t cells

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9
Q

b cells will express ___ and _____ light chains

A

kappa and lambda

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10
Q

paracortical hyperplasia

A
  • proliferation of t lymphocytes - increased need for cell mediated immunity - expansion of paracortical regions - example mononucleosis
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11
Q

sinus histiocytosis

A
  • proliferation of histocytes (tissue macrophages) - stimulation of antigen presenting cells - example lymph node draining a carcinoma
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12
Q

most common cause of lymph node enlargement

A
  1. follicular pattern 2. paracortical pattern 3. sinus histiocytosis
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13
Q

lymphoma definition

A

malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes associated with a solid mass or infiltrate

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14
Q

is non-hodgkins or hodgkins more prevelant in the USA

A

non-hodgkins

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15
Q

incidence of non-hodgkin lymphoma worldwide

A

more common in Europe, USA, New Zealand, and Australia

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16
Q

non-hodgkin lymphoma risk factors

A
  1. infections 2. medical conditions that compromise the immune system 3. toxic chemicals 4. age 5. risk factors are important but most patients do not have any risk factors
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17
Q

lymphoma pathology classification

A
  1. WHO world health organization- grade and stage 2. working formulation- breaks lymphomas down based on natural history low grade you can live a long time, high grade few months to live
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18
Q

in north america what types of lymphoma are most common B/T cell

A

B cell lymphoma

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19
Q

how long do patients with low grade lymphoma have to live without treatment?

A

many years

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20
Q

how long do patients with intermediate grade lymphoma have to live without treatment?

A

few years

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21
Q

how long do patients with high grade lymphoma have to live without treatment?

A

few months

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22
Q

example of high grade lymphomas

A
  1. Burkitt Lymphoma 2. Lymphoblastic lymphoma
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23
Q

example of intermediate grade lymphomas

A
  1. mantle cell lymphoma
  2. diffuse large cell lymphoma
  3. hodgkin
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24
Q

example of low grade lymphomas

A
  1. small lymphocytic lymphoma 2. follicular small cleaved lymphoma
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25
lymphoma is associated with _____ growth pattern in the lymph node?
abnormal
26
left- follicular gorwth pattern right- diffuse gorwth pattern
27
small lymphocytic lymphoma is essential the same as ____ leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
28
small lymphocytic lymphoma is usually present in what age group
adult
29
is small lymphocytic lymphoma low/intermittent/high grade
low grade
30
what type of cell does small lymphocytic lymphoma affect?
mature B cells
31
what is the immunophenotype for small lymphocytic lymphoma?
CD 19 20 22 23 CD 5
32
what is the poor cytogenic prognosis for small lymphocytic lymphoma?
trisomy 21
33
what is a good cytogenic prognosis for small lymphocytic lymphoma?
13q14
34
what age group is typically affected by follicular lymphoma?
middle aged to elderly adults
35
is follicular lymphoma low/intermediate/high grade?
low grade
36
follicular lymphoma usually involves what cell type?
b cells
37
what translocation is follicular lymphoma assoicated with?
T (14, 18)
38
what gene is upregualted in follicular lymphoma?
BCL2
39
what is the role of upregulated follicular BCL2?
inhibit apoptosis
40
follicular lymphoma is assoicated with kappa/lambda b cells?
kappa
41
small lymphocyte lymphoma is similar to what leukemia?
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
42
what markers are present on small lymphocyte lymphoma?
CD5, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23
43
what gene abnormality is present in diffuse large b cell lymphoma?
BCL6
44
what is the most common lymphoma?
diffuse large b cell lymphoma
45
what translocation is present in mantle cell lymphoma?
T (11;14)
46
follicular lymphoma can progress to
diffuse large b cell lymphoma
47
diffuse large b celll ymphoma occurs in
childern and adults
48
mantle cell lymphoma is known to have ______ present which are like machrophages
histocytes
49
what markers are present and not present in mantle cell lymphoma?
CD 5 is present but CD 10, 23 and lambda are not
50
what gene does mantle cell lymphoma upregulate?
cyclin D
51
cyclin D
pushes cells from G1 into S phase
52
hodkins lymphoma is characterized by
reed sternberg cells
53
reed sternberg cells
resemble the alien eyes and are activated b cells
54
reed sternberg cells secrete _____ which attract \_\_\_\_\_\_
cytokines; inflammatory cells
55
what age groups is Hodgkins assoicated with?
* Peak incidence in 20s, smaller peak at age \> 50 years of age
56
what two lymphomas are EBV involved in?
Hodkins and Burkitts
57
what lymphoma are nodular sclerosis seen in?
Hodkin Lymphoma
58
what markers are seen in Hodgkins?
positive for CD30, CD15, and negative for CD45
59
what lymphoma is not good for flow cytometry nor cytogenetics diagnostic?
hodgkins
60
sysytemic symptoms of lymphoma?
B symptoms 1. sweat 2. weight loss 3. fever
61
two lymphomas that primarliy affect childern
burkitt and lymphoblastic
62
what leukemia is lymphoblastic lymphoma similar to?
ALL
63
what lymphoma has mediastinal mass presentation?
lymphoblastic lymphoma
64
immunophenotype for lymphoblastic lymphoma
immature T cells express CD3 4 and 8
65
what translocation is usually in burkitt lymphoma?
T (8;14) (8,22) and (2;8)
66
what proto oncogene is upregualted in burkitt lymphoma
c-myc
67
what virus is Burkitt lymphoma associated with?
EBV
68
* Endemic Burkitt
(Africa \> 95% EBV genome positive)
69
* Non-endemic burkitts
(worldwide 15-20% EBV positive)
70
what pattern do macrophages form in burkitt lymphoma?
starry night
71
what lymphoma forms cytoplasm vacuoles?
Burkitts Lymphoma

Hematology (23 decks)

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