China, BRICS Country

Question 1

Who led China between 1949 and 1976?

Answer 1

Chairman Mao

Chairman Mao followed a strict form of communism.

Question 2

What significant change occurred in China’s leadership in 1978?

Answer 2

Deng Xiaoping took leadership

Deng Xiaoping began a series of reforms that transformed China’s economy.

Question 3

What was one of the main reasons for China’s economic growth?

Answer 3

Economic reform

Economic reforms were introduced under Deng Xiaoping from 1978 to 1992.

Question 4

What were Special Economic Zones (SEZ)?

Answer 4

Areas with economic policies encouraging foreign investment and private ownership

Initially, there were five SEZs established in the late 1970s.

Question 5

Name one of the first five Special Economic Zones established in China.

Answer 5

Shenzhen

Other SEZs included Shantou, Hong Kong, and Hainan.

Question 6

What was the purpose of the Special Economic Zones?

Answer 6

To attract industrial development and foreign investment

SEZs charged low taxation rates and reduced import duties.

Question 7

In what year did the Shanghai Stock Exchange reopen?

Answer 7

1989

This was the first time in 40 years that the exchange reopened.

Question 8

What was a significant outcome of China’s accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO)?

Answer 8

Established China as a major world economy

China joined the WTO in 2001.

Question 9

What factor contributed to China’s attractiveness for multinational companies?

Answer 9

Large low wage labour supply

China’s large population and low wages maximized profits for multinationals.

Question 10

How many people moved from rural areas to urban areas in China from 1990 to 2011?

Answer 10

250 million

Many rural migrants sought paid employment in SEZs.

Question 11

True or False: Deng Xiaoping’s reforms included the encouragement of private ownership.

Answer 11

True

Private ownership was not permitted elsewhere in the country.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: China’s economic growth is largely due to _______ and a large low wage labour supply.

Answer 12

Economic reform

Question 13

What did local leaders in SEZs do that was at variance with Communist ideology?

Answer 13

Followed economic policies to attract foreign investment

This allowed for more flexibility in economic practices.

Question 14

What kind of products did the SEZs concentrate on manufacturing?

Answer 14

Low cost products for export

This attracted many foreign companies for routine manufacturing.

Question 15

What was one of the impacts of reopening the Shanghai Stock Exchange?

Answer 15

Enhanced China’s attractiveness to foreign investors

The provision of banking facilities improved investment conditions.

Question 16

What percentage of the urban workforce in China was accounted for by rural migrants in 2013?

Answer 16

40%

Question 17

What is the primary basis of China’s economic performance?

Answer 17

Export of goods assembled in China

Question 18

Name one type of electronic equipment exported from China.

Answer 18

Mobile phones

Question 19

What type of products do many leading high street retailers in MEDCs sell that are manufactured in China?

Answer 19

Clothes and shoes

Question 20

Fill in the blank: China exports ‘______ goods’ such as washing machines and dishwashers.

Answer 20

white electrical

Question 21

What agricultural products does China export?

Answer 21

Chemical fertilisers and other agricultural products

Question 22

List two types of metals exported from China.

Answer 22

• Concrete
• Steel

Question 23

What type of entertainment products does China manufacture for export?

Answer 23

Computer games and toys

Question 24

What luxury vehicle brands are assembled in China?

Answer 24

• BMW
• Mercedes-Benz

Question 25

What was the average annual GDP increase for China from 1978-2013?

Answer 25

10%

Question 26

Which country is the leading world producer of concrete, steel, ships, and textiles?

Answer 26

China

Question 27

How many cars did China produce for the home market in 2008?

Answer 27

Close to 10 million

Question 28

What was the increase in car production numbers in China from 1992 to 2008?

Answer 28

10 fold increase

Question 29

Which luxury car brands are assembled in China?

Answer 29

BMW and Mercedes-Benz

Question 30

What percentage of the world's total textile exports come from China?

Answer 30

24%

Question 31

What percentage of the world's mobile phones are produced in China?

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

What percentage of the world's shoes are produced in China?

Answer 32

60%

Question 33

What percentage of the world's cameras are produced in China?

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

What percentage of the world's white electrical goods are produced in China?

Answer 34

25%

Question 35

How many of the world's busiest ports are located in China?

Answer 35

Three

Question 36

What is the status of China in the global economy?

Answer 36

Second largest world economy

Question 37

How long did it take China to become the second largest economy?

Answer 37

Under 30 years

Question 38

How many people have been lifted out of poverty in China?

Answer 38

Over 500 million

Question 39

What major milestones have been achieved in China's development?

Answer 39

All of the Millennium Development Goals

Question 40

What sectors have been modernized in China?

Answer 40

Transport and communications

Question 41

What is notable about China's railway networks?

Answer 41

Some of the best in the world

Question 42

What global organization has China become a member of to enhance its economic influence?

Answer 42

WTO

Question 43

True or False: China has primarily maintained a state-controlled economy.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Fill in the blank: China has moved from an inward looking, state controlled economy to _______.

Answer 44

an emerging market

Question 45

What is an example of political acceptance achieved by China in the West?

Answer 45

The UK government's decision in 2016 to agree a deal for a nuclear power plant at Hinckley Point using Chinese investment and technology. ## Footnote This reflects a significant collaboration between China and Western countries.

Question 46

What has happened to China's economic growth rate by 2015?

Answer 46

The rate of economic growth had slowed. ## Footnote Despite this, China remains a major world economic power.

Question 47

What major issue is hidden by the economic benefits in China?

Answer 47

Huge inequalities in wealth distribution. ## Footnote There are stark contrasts between eastern urban areas and interior rural areas.

Question 48

How many people in China are reported to be below the poverty line?

Answer 48

Close to 100 million people, mostly rural dwellers. ## Footnote This highlights significant poverty issues in rural areas.

Question 49

What serious accusations have been made against China?

Answer 49

Serious human rights violations. ## Footnote Western leaders have raised this issue with Chinese leaders at international meetings.

Question 50

What significant event related to democracy occurred in China in 1989?

Answer 50

The movement seeking increased democracy was defeated, culminating in the events at Tiananmen Square. ## Footnote This event is well documented and symbolizes the struggle for democracy in China.

Question 51

What is a consequence of widespread censorship in China?

Answer 51

Internet activity is closely monitored, and search engines like Google must comply with censorship. ## Footnote This affects freedom of information and expression.

Question 52

How is international tourism managed in China?

Answer 52

Tourism destinations and itineraries are strictly controlled by the Chinese Authorities. ## Footnote This limits the experiences of international tourists.

Question 53

How many people were displaced for the construction of The Three Gorges Dam?

Answer 53

Over 1.2 million people. ## Footnote This was done to facilitate the world's largest hydroelectric power project.

Question 54

What are two benefits of The Three Gorges Dam project?

Answer 54

1. Provides much needed power for China's growing industry 2. Improves navigation on the Yangtze River. ## Footnote Additionally, it has made Chongqing a major inland port.

Question 55

What major environmental concern is associated with dam building in China?

Answer 55

Increased likelihood of earthquake occurrence. ## Footnote The dam is built in an area subject to earthquakes.

Question 56

What has been a major source of air pollution and greenhouse gases in China?

Answer 56

The large-scale use of fossil fuels. ## Footnote Air pollution remains a significant issue despite efforts to improve it.

Question 57

What has China been doing in Africa?

Answer 57

Expanding and investing, partly in search of raw materials. ## Footnote This has raised concerns among various observers.

Question 58

What demographic issue will China face in the near future?

Answer 58

The issue of ageing due to a low rate of population growth. ## Footnote The impacts of the one-child policy will be significant for the population resource balance.

Question 59

What change occurred regarding China's one-child policy in 2015?

Answer 59

The one-child policy was abandoned. ## Footnote Its effects on overall population growth remain to be seen.