Mumbai, Issues and Challenges in an LEDC

Question 1

What is Mumbai formerly known as?

Answer 1

Bombay

Question 2

What percentage of India’s tax revenue is generated in Mumbai?

Answer 2

33%

Question 3

What percentage of India’s foreign trade is generated in Mumbai?

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

What geographical feature facilitated Mumbai’s growth as a trading port?

Answer 4

Its location on the west coast of India

Question 5

What major event in the late nineteenth century enhanced Mumbai’s trading potential?

Answer 5

The opening of the Suez Canal

Question 6

What was Bombay known for during British Colonial rule?

Answer 6

An important cotton exporting city

Question 7

What industries are now part of modern Mumbai?

Answer 7

• Financial services
• Engineering
• Media
• Scientific research

Question 8

What is the name of India’s growing film industry based in Mumbai?

Answer 8

Bollywood

Question 9

What group of emerging market countries does India belong to?

Answer 9

BRICS

Question 10

What has encouraged large numbers of rural migrants to move to Mumbai?

Answer 10

Opportunities for a better lifestyle

Question 11

What contributed to the rapid increase in Mumbai’s population from 1991 to 2013?

Answer 11

Natural increase and migration

Question 12

What percentage of Mumbai’s population growth from 1991-2001 was due to rural-urban migration?

Answer 12

43%

Question 13

What was Mumbai’s population in 2016?

Answer 13

22 million

Question 14

What is the predicted population of Mumbai by 2025?

Answer 14

26 million

Question 15

What challenges do migrants face upon arriving in Mumbai?

Answer 15

Reality of their situation is often well below their expectations

Question 16

What percentage of Mumbai’s population lives in informal settlements?

Answer 16

Over 40%

Question 17

How many informal settlements are there in Mumbai?

Answer 17

2,000 settlements

Question 18

What area of the city do informal settlement dwellers occupy?

Answer 18

6% of the land area

Question 19

Since when have squatter settlements been growing in Mumbai?

Answer 19

Since the 1940s

Question 20

Where do many squatters build their shelters?

Answer 20

On land unsuitable for development

Question 21

What did the government do in 1976 regarding squatter households?

Answer 21

Issued an identification number, legalizing the settlements

Question 22

What is the largest and most populated slum in Mumbai?

Answer 22

Dharavi

Question 23

What was the original purpose of Dharavi during British rule?

Answer 23

A small settlement for Indian workers

Question 24

What is the estimated population of Dharavi?

Answer 24

Close to 1 million people

Question 25

What is the total area of Dharavi?

Answer 25

200 hectares

Question 26

What is the population density of Dharavi?

Answer 26

5,000 per hectare

Question 27

What is the main issue with service provision in Dharavi?

Answer 27

Service provision is extremely limited and overcrowding is significant.

Question 28

What is the typical size of houses in Dharavi?

Answer 28

Houses are typically 10-20 m².

Question 29

How many people were reported to live in an 8 m² room in Dharavi?

Answer 29

12 people.

Question 30

What are common uses for rooms in Dharavi?

Answer 30

Eating, sleeping, and working.

Question 31

What is the quality of housing in Dharavi?

Answer 31

Much of the housing is permanent but poorly constructed.

Question 32

What type of materials are often used in the roofs of houses in Dharavi?

Answer 32

Asbestos.

Question 33

What safety issue is associated with the electricity supply in Dharavi?

Answer 33

It does not comply with required safety standards, resulting in a fire risk.

Question 34

What percentage of Dharavi residents depend on public toilets?

Answer 34

Over 73%

Question 35

What is the percentage of public toilets in Dharavi that have piped water?

Answer 35

14%.

Question 36

How many public latrines serve the population of Dharavi?

Answer 36

16 public latrines serve over 3,000 people.

Question 37

What is a major issue regarding waste management in Dharavi?

Answer 37

There is no organised waste collection.

Question 38

What type of waste contaminates the water supply in Dharavi?

Answer 38

Toxic waste from tanneries and human waste.

Question 39

What health risks are associated with the unsanitary conditions in Dharavi?

Answer 39

Outbreaks of malaria, hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, and polio.

Question 40

What is the life expectancy in Dharavi compared to the national average in India?

Answer 40

Life expectancy in Dharavi is 50 years compared to 67 years nationally.

Question 41

What is the child mortality rate in Dharavi compared to Mumbai as a whole?

Answer 41

Twice the rate of Mumbai.

Question 42

What is the literacy level in informal settlements like Dharavi?

Answer 42

Levels at 60% are 11% lower than the national average for India.

Question 43

What initiative has been introduced to improve education in Dharavi?

Answer 43

Mobile schools funded by NGOs.

Question 44

What type of employment is common in the informal sector of Dharavi?

Answer 44

Manufacture of leather goods, pottery, sewing cotton, and recycling.

Question 45

How many businesses operate in Dharavi?

Answer 45

Over 5,000 businesses.

Question 46

What hazardous work is performed by child labour in Dharavi?

Answer 46

Collecting and sorting rubbish from city dumps.

Question 47

What environmental hazard is associated with the recycling process in Dharavi?

Answer 47

Melting plastics that give off toxic fumes.

Question 48

What percentage of residents in Dharavi live below the poverty line?

Answer 48

Over 40%.

Question 49

What types of jobs do men typically undertake outside of Dharavi?

Answer 49

Low paid and undesirable jobs such as drivers, labourers, and guards.

Question 50

What types of jobs do women typically find in the affluent parts of Mumbai?

Answer 50

As cleaners and shop workers.

Question 51

Fill in the blank: Dharavi's population relies heavily on ______ for health care.

Answer 51

limited availability of free health care outside of Dharavi.

Question 52

What is the primary reason for the plans regarding the Dharavi settlement?

Answer 52

It is built on a valuable site, close to the new business centre of Mumbai. ## Footnote The location of Dharavi makes it a target for redevelopment due to its proximity to economic opportunities.

Question 53

What approach was seen as more positive for addressing housing issues?

Answer 53

Provision of basic sanitation and cheap housing. ## Footnote This approach aimed to improve living conditions for residents.

Question 54

What is the current demand compared to the supply for housing in the Dharavi area?

Answer 54

The demand far exceeded the supply. ## Footnote This imbalance highlights the challenges in providing adequate housing solutions.

Question 55

What conflict exists regarding the redevelopment of Dharavi?

Answer 55

There is a conflict of interest between developers and residents. ## Footnote Developers prefer to resettle residents in high-rise apartment blocks, while residents want to maintain control of the area.

Question 56

What do developers prefer for the residents of Dharavi?

Answer 56

To resettle most of the residents in high-rise apartment blocks in a small part of the site. ## Footnote This plan is controversial and opposed by many residents.

Question 57

What do residents of Dharavi want in terms of their living conditions?

Answer 57

To retain control of all of Dharavi but with improved amenities and living conditions. ## Footnote Residents seek enhancements without losing their community and homes.

Question 58

True or False: The plans for Dharavi have been widely accepted without controversy.

Answer 58

False. ## Footnote Each plan considered has proved to be controversial.