Chloroplast

Question 1

chloroplast

Answer 1

• semi autonomous plant cell organelle
• site of photosythesis
• move along cytoskeleton elements vio molecular motors

Question 2

chlorplast envelope

Answer 2

outer and inner membrane

Question 3

outer membrane

Answer 3

• porins
• not as permianle as mitochondria

Question 4

inner membrane

Answer 4

• highly impermiable
• containe various transporters

Question 5

thylakoid

Answer 5

flattened membraneous discs arranged in stacks (granuel, stromal)
- or between stacks

Question 6

thylakoud membrane

Answer 6

• site of ATP synthase, maintain H+ gradient in thylakoid lumen

Question 7

thylakoid lumen

Answer 7

aqous interior

Question 8

stroma

Answer 8

• aqeuos interior of chloroplast
• ribosomes
• plastid genom

Question 9

stromules

Answer 9

• long stroma filled membrane tubules
• allows for metabolite transfer communication between choloplasts

Question 10

choloplast fission

Answer 10

divide in response to environmental stimuli

Question 11

FTSZ division machinery

Answer 11

• stromal side of inner membrane
  Ftsz1 and Ftsz2
• assemle into long filamentous polymers
• Z ring is now future division sight
• initial lining up by stromal propns ARC3, mino mine

Question 12

Arc 6

Answer 12

mediates linkage of Z-rinf to inner membrane at chlorplast division sight

Question 13

plastid dividing machinery

Answer 13

• Arc6 binds in outer mem
  -PDV1/2 binds ti Arc5
  heterodimeric proteins recruited at mid point

Question 14

PD ring

Answer 14

• forms when ARC5 assembles into spiral
• wraps around chloroplast
• once constricted enough daughter cell is formed

Question 15

stromal import sequence

Answer 15

• most stromal prteins posses
• located at N terminus
• cleaved following protein import into stromal

Question 16

Tic Toc

Answer 16

-precurser protein transfered through Toc complex and then through Tic

Question 17

stromal prcoessing enzyme

Answer 17

cleaves stromal import sequnce

Question 18

HSP93

Answer 18

• reconize emerginf precurser protein, after stromal import cleaved
• acts as molecular motor

Question 19

thylakoid targetinf sequnce

Answer 19

• is revealed after removal or stromal import sequence

Question 20

SRP dependent pathway

Answer 20

• thylakoid targeting sequnce reconized by chlooplast signal recognition particle
• SRP binds chloroplast SRP receptor on thylokoid mem and protein translocated into lumen via thylakoid sec-g like tranlocon
  -thylokoid lumen protease remove target sequence
• molecular chaperons in thylokoid lumen mediate folding

Question 21

Ph dependent

Answer 21

• precurser protein fully folded in stroma
• folded protein imported into lumen via diarginine containing thylakoid targeting sequence (lumen protease cleaves)
• relies on energy from proton Ph gradient
• [H+] lumen >[H+] stroma