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Anth 203 > Chp 2️⃣, 19-43, Evolution > Flashcards

Chp 2️⃣, 19-43, Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What’re Fossils ?

A

Physical remained of dead organisms

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2
Q

What’re Species ?

A

Group of related offspring that Interproduce and produce fertile, viable offspring

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3
Q

What is a Habitat?

A

Specific area of the natural environment an organism lives in

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4
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

Process where some organisms develop traits/features that help them adapt to their environment thus increasing the frequency of those in features in the population

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5
Q

What is Adaptive radiation?

A

Branch of related species that adapt to their current environment

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6
Q

What is Evolution?

A

Biological change from generation to generation

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7
Q

What is adaptation?

A

Change in physical structure, function, behavior that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in a given environment

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8
Q

What is Geology?

A

Study of the earth I.e composition, activity, and history

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9
Q

What is Paleontology ?

A

Study of fossils

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10
Q

What is Taxonomy ?

A

Classification of past and living life forms

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11
Q

What is Systematics ?

A

Biological relationships over time

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12
Q

What is Demography?

A

Study of the population

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13
Q

What is Evolutionary biology ?

A

Study of organisms and their changes

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14
Q

What is Uniformitarianism ?

A

Theory that processes that occurred in the geologic past that still occurs today. Pioneered by James Hutton, rediscovered by Charles Lyell

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15
Q

What is Catastrophosim?

A

Cataclysmic events are responsible for geologic change through earths history

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16
Q

What’re the 5 disciplines that generated Darwin’s theory of natural selection ?

A

Paleontology, Geology, Taxonomy and Systematics, Demography, and Evolutionary biology

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17
Q

Who created the theory of Uniformitarianism ?

A

Scottish scientist James Huttson. Re-discovered by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell

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18
Q

Who pioneered the study of Palentology?

A

Georges Cuvier, provided basic framework of the history of life

19
Q

Who tested the theory of fossils ?

A

Robert Hooke, tested his theory on fossil remains of wood against living trees

20
Q

Who contributed to the study of Taxonomy?

A

English naturalist John Ray, laid ground work for later taxonomists

21
Q

What is Bionomical nonmenclature?

A

2 naming System created by Carolus Linnaeus I.e high level genus : Homo, lower level species : Sapiens

22
Q

What is a Genus ?

A

Group of related species

23
Q

What is Lamarckism ?

A

Theory of evolution acquired characteristics passed down to the new generation

24
Q

What is Gemmules?

A

Units of inheritance➡️accumulated in gametes➡️passed down to offspring

25
Q

What is Blending inheritance ?

A

Outdated theory that the phenotype of an offspring was a uniform blend of parents

26
Q

What is an Allele?

A

1 or more alternative forms of a gene

27
Q

What is a Dominant allele?

A

Allele that is expressed in a organisms phenotype, masks the effects of another allele if present

28
Q

What is a Recessive allele ?

A

Allele, 2 copies are present but is masked if the dominant present

29
Q

What is a Genotype ?

A

Genetic makeup of an organism: pair of alleles I.e Tt

30
Q

What is a Phenotype?

A

Physical expression of the genotype maybe be influenced by the environment

31
Q

What is Mendelian Inheritance?

A

Basic principle of genetics

32
Q

What is a Chromosome?

A

Strand of DNA found in nucleus of eukaryotes contains hundreds of thousands of genes

33
Q

What is Evolution Synthesis?

A

Unified theory of evolution combines genetics with natural selection

34
Q

What is Population genetics ?

A

Filed in genetics that focuses on changes in gene frequencies➡️Effects of those changes on adaptation and evolution

35
Q

What is mutation ?

A

Random genetic change

36
Q

What is Gene flow ?

A

Admixture/exchange of alleles between 2 populations

37
Q

What is Genetic drift ?

A

Random change in allele frequency’s from 1 generation to another with greater effect on smaller populations

38
Q

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid ?

A

Chemical that makes up chromosomes ➡️double stranded molecule that provides the genetic code for an organism➡️phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, 4 types of nitrogen bases

39
Q

Who is Charles Darwin?

A

English naturalist & biologist➡️ provided revolutionary concepts of how we came to be➡️ theory of evolution/ natural selection

40
Q

What is the Daphne Island Finch Study?

A

Study of the drought that genetically altered the beak size of the medium ground finch ➡️ bigger beaks➡️ probability of surviving increased

41
Q

What is Fitness?

A

An organisms probability for surviving and reproducing

42
Q

What is the study of the English Peppered moths?

A

Decrease in nonmelanic moths➡️increase in melanic months due environmental changes➡️changed the phenotype of the moths

43
Q

What was Darwin’s Dilemma?

A

The Cambrian “explosion”➡️ how rapidly fossils appeared 540-520 million years ago➡️ beginning of fossils with tough bones

Anth 203 (10 decks)

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