Chp 2️⃣, 19-43, Evolution

Question 1

What’re Fossils ?

Answer 1

Physical remained of dead organisms

Question 2

What’re Species ?

Answer 2

Group of related offspring that Interproduce and produce fertile, viable offspring

Question 3

What is a Habitat?

Answer 3

Specific area of the natural environment an organism lives in

Question 4

What is Natural Selection?

Answer 4

Process where some organisms develop traits/features that help them adapt to their environment thus increasing the frequency of those in features in the population

Question 5

What is Adaptive radiation?

Answer 5

Branch of related species that adapt to their current environment

Question 6

What is Evolution?

Answer 6

Biological change from generation to generation

Question 7

What is adaptation?

Answer 7

Change in physical structure, function, behavior that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in a given environment

Question 8

What is Geology?

Answer 8

Study of the earth I.e composition, activity, and history

Question 9

What is Paleontology ?

Answer 9

Study of fossils

Question 10

What is Taxonomy ?

Answer 10

Classification of past and living life forms

Question 11

What is Systematics ?

Answer 11

Biological relationships over time

Question 12

What is Demography?

Answer 12

Study of the population

Question 13

What is Evolutionary biology ?

Answer 13

Study of organisms and their changes

Question 14

What is Uniformitarianism ?

Answer 14

Theory that processes that occurred in the geologic past that still occurs today. Pioneered by James Hutton, rediscovered by Charles Lyell

Question 15

What is Catastrophosim?

Answer 15

Cataclysmic events are responsible for geologic change through earths history

Question 16

What’re the 5 disciplines that generated Darwin’s theory of natural selection ?

Answer 16

Paleontology, Geology, Taxonomy and Systematics, Demography, and Evolutionary biology

Question 17

Who created the theory of Uniformitarianism ?

Answer 17

Scottish scientist James Huttson. Re-discovered by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell

Question 18

Who pioneered the study of Palentology?

Answer 18

Georges Cuvier, provided basic framework of the history of life

Question 19

Who tested the theory of fossils ?

Answer 19

Robert Hooke, tested his theory on fossil remains of wood against living trees

Question 20

Who contributed to the study of Taxonomy?

Answer 20

English naturalist John Ray, laid ground work for later taxonomists

Question 21

What is Bionomical nonmenclature?

Answer 21

2 naming System created by Carolus Linnaeus I.e high level genus : Homo, lower level species : Sapiens

Question 22

What is a Genus ?

Answer 22

Group of related species

Question 23

What is Lamarckism ?

Answer 23

Theory of evolution acquired characteristics passed down to the new generation

Question 24

What is Gemmules?

Answer 24

Units of inheritance➡️accumulated in gametes➡️passed down to offspring

Question 25

What is Blending inheritance ?

Answer 25

Outdated theory that the phenotype of an offspring was a uniform blend of parents

Question 26

What is an Allele?

Answer 26

1 or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 27

What is a Dominant allele?

Answer 27

Allele that is expressed in a organisms phenotype, masks the effects of another allele if present

Question 28

What is a Recessive allele ?

Answer 28

Allele, 2 copies are present but is masked if the dominant present

Question 29

What is a Genotype ?

Answer 29

Genetic makeup of an organism: pair of alleles I.e Tt

Question 30

What is a Phenotype?

Answer 30

Physical expression of the genotype maybe be influenced by the environment

Question 31

What is Mendelian Inheritance?

Answer 31

Basic principle of genetics

Question 32

What is a Chromosome?

Answer 32

Strand of DNA found in nucleus of eukaryotes contains hundreds of thousands of genes

Question 33

What is Evolution Synthesis?

Answer 33

Unified theory of evolution combines genetics with natural selection

Question 34

What is Population genetics ?

Answer 34

Filed in genetics that focuses on changes in gene frequencies➡️Effects of those changes on adaptation and evolution

Question 35

What is mutation ?

Answer 35

Random genetic change

Question 36

What is Gene flow ?

Answer 36

Admixture/exchange of alleles between 2 populations

Question 37

What is Genetic drift ?

Answer 37

Random change in allele frequency’s from 1 generation to another with greater effect on smaller populations

Question 38

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid ?

Answer 38

Chemical that makes up chromosomes ➡️double stranded molecule that provides the genetic code for an organism➡️phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, 4 types of nitrogen bases

Question 39

Who is Charles Darwin?

Answer 39

English naturalist & biologist➡️ provided revolutionary concepts of how we came to be➡️ theory of evolution/ natural selection

Question 40

What is the Daphne Island Finch Study?

Answer 40

Study of the drought that genetically altered the beak size of the medium ground finch ➡️ bigger beaks➡️ probability of surviving increased

Question 41

What is Fitness?

Answer 41

An organisms probability for surviving and reproducing

Question 42

What is the study of the English Peppered moths?

Answer 42

Decrease in nonmelanic moths➡️increase in melanic months due environmental changes➡️changed the phenotype of the moths

Question 43

What was Darwin's Dilemma?

Answer 43

The Cambrian "explosion"➡️ how rapidly fossils appeared 540-520 million years ago➡️ beginning of fossils with tough bones