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Anth 203 > Chp 6 Primates > Flashcards

Chp 6 Primates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Arboreal adaption?

A

adaptation to life in the trees

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2
Q

What is Dietary plasticity?

A

Organisms ability to adapt its diet to a wide range of foods

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3
Q

What is Parental investment?

A

Time and energy parents expend for their offsprings benefit

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4
Q

What is Opposable?

A

The thumb of primates can touch each of the 4 fingertips enabling a grasping ability

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5
Q

What is Power grip?

A

Fistlike grip ➡️ fingers and thumbs wrap around an object in opposite directions

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6
Q

What is Precision grip?

A

The tips of the fingers and thumbs come together, enabling fine manipulation

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7
Q

What is Preadaptation?

A

Organism’s use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the features original function

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8
Q

What is Nocturnal?

A

Organisms that are awake and active during the night

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9
Q

What is Dinaural?

A

Organisms that awake and active during the day

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10
Q

What is Rhinarium?

A

Naked surface around the nostrils typically wet in mammals

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11
Q

What is a Dental formula?

A

Numerical description of a species’ teeth

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12
Q

What is a Loph?

A

An enamel ridge connecting cusps on a tooth surface

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13
Q

What is Bilophodont?

A

Lower molars in Old world monkeys that have 2 ridges

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14
Q

What is Y-5?

A

Hominoids patron of lower molar cusps

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15
Q

What are Tooth combs?

A

Anterior teeth ➡️ titled forward creating a scraper

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16
Q

What is Canine-premolar honing complex?

A

Dental form➡️ upper canines are sharpened against the lower 3rd premolars when jaws open and close

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17
Q

What is a Diastema?

A

Space between 2 teeth

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18
Q

What is a Sectorial?

A

A Premolar adapted for cutting

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19
Q

What is a Thick enamel?

A

Adaptation to eating tough foods

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20
Q

What is an Olfactory bulb?

A

Areas of the brain associated with smell

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21
Q

What is a Grade?

A

Group of organsims sharing the same complexity and level of evolution

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22
Q

What is a Clade?

A

Group of organsims that evolved from a common ancestor

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23
Q

What are Primitive traits?

A

Present in multiple species of a group

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24
Q

What are Derived traits?

A

Present in only 1 or a few species of a group

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25
What is Phylogeny?
Evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms
26
What is a Prehensile tail
Tail that acts as a kind of hand support in trees➡️ New world monkeys
27
What is the Traditional classification system?
Separate order of primates into 2 suborders: Promsimilli (lower) & Anthropoidea (higher), w/o consideration to ancestral/descendant relationships
28
What is the Cladistic classification system?
Uses anatomical & genetic evidence to create ancestral/descendant relationships that link clades
29
What are Cladistic order of Primates?
Strepsirhini & Haplorhini
30
What are Strepsirhinies?
Retained primitive characteristics, Lorises, Lemurs, Galagos
31
What are Haplorhinies?
Lost primitive characteristics, Higher primates, New world➡️ Platyrrhines,flat nosed prehensile tails, nostrils are round and separated by the septum, 6 lower and upper premolars& Catarrhines➡️ downward nose, Old world, enclosed nostrils, 4 upper and lower nostrils
32
What are the 2 clades of Haplorhinies?
Anthropoids & Tarsiers
33
What are the 2 clades of Anthropoids?
Catarrhines, older world higher primates i.e gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans vs Platyrrhines new world higher primates i.e. monkeys, apes, humans
34
What are Tarsiers?
Primates that retained Primitive characteristics
35
What are the Traditional classifications of primates?
Hylobatids (gibbons), Pongids (Great apes), Hominids
36
What are the Cladisitc classifications of primates?
2 families; hylobatids, hominids (great apes +humans), 3 sub families➡️ pongines( orangutans) gorillines (gorillas) hominies (chimps, bonobos, humans)
37
What is a Taxa?
any unit used in taxonomy
38
Which primates are apart of the superfamily of Platyrrhines?
Ceboids➡️ Cebids & Atelids,
39
Which primates are a part of the Atelids family?
Howler monkeys, Spider monkeys, Wolly monkeys, Wolly Spider monkeys
40
Which primates are a part of the Cebids family?
Squirrel monkeys, capuchins
41
What are the 2 subfamilies of Cercopithecoids?
Colobines & Cercopithecines, arboreal or terrestrial, biolphodont upper and lower molars, nonprehensile tails
42
Characteristics of Colobines?
Arboreal, do not live in dry climates, large 3-4 chambered stomachs, high pointed cusps of molars
43
Characteristics of Cercopirthecines?
Rounded lower cusps on molars➡️ inside each cheek a pouch that extends into neck ➡️ serves as a stomach
44
What is Brachiation?
Arboreal locomotion➡️ movement is accomplished by swinging from one arm to the next
45
What is Primatology?
Study of human primates➡️ closet living relatives of human beings
46
What is Paeloanthropology?
Study of the history of human evolution via the fossil record
47
What is Primate order?
Grouping of primates into specific subgroups depending on traits and characteristics
48
What are Lemurs?
Prosimian ➡️island of Madagascar➡️retained primitive traits, Strepsirhine, Rhinarium, nocturnal
49
What is a Prosimian?
Suborder of primates that are biologically primitive compared to Anthropoids
50
What is a Tarsier ?
Promsimian➡️Indonesia➡️nocturnal➡️ Haplorhinini, lack tooth comb,lack wet nose
51
What is a Cercopithecoid?
Old world monkeys➡️largest primate family, baboons, red colobus➡️ bilophodont➡️narrow nose➡️,narrow pelvis, smaller brains, hnonprehensile tail, quadrupedal
52
What is a Hominid?
Family within the hominoid➡️humans, great apes
53
What is a Hominin?
Humans, great apes, bipdeal, smaller canines, larger brains, communication, tool use,➡️ family➡️Hominidae
54
What are Chimpanzees?
Pan troglodytes➡️Closely related to humans, of the ape species, flat noses(platyrrhines)➡️, hominin, 2.1.2.3 old world dental formula➡️omnivores➡️long pelvises, quadrpudeal➡️ no tail, suspensory posture
55
What are Bonobos?
Pan Paniscus➡️ Cattarhine,➡️from the family Hominidae➡️Anthropoid➡️ old world monkey➡️enclosed nostril, Arboreal, and terrestrial➡️ downward nose➡️ of the ape species, ➡️suspensory posture➡️knuckle-walking
56
What is Binocular Stereoscopic?
overlapping fields of vision with both sides of the brain receiving images from both eyes➡️ depth perception
57
What is Postorbital bar?
A bony enclosure around the eye sockets➡️ strepsirhinies➡️ haloplorhinies have the full postorbital plate
58
What is Quadrupedalism?
Form of locomotion where four arms bear all the weight and move around
59
Where are primates found?
Africa, South America, Southeast Asia
60
What is Behavioral Ecology?
The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior
61
What is Alloparenting?
Shared caring and provisioning of the young by other group members
62
What Social Sex?
intercourse used in other ways rather than by means of reproduction
63
What is violence?
behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.
64
What is Cenozoic?
The third and most recent geological era of the phanerozoic eon dating to the last 65.5 Ma. Primate and Human evolution occurred during this era
65
What is Relative dating?
Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock
66
What is Stratigraphy?
the study of rock layers and the sequence of events they reflect
67
What is Numerical dating?
Dating methods based on laboratory techniques that assign age in years to material evidence
68
What is Potassium-Argon dating?
a method of dating rocks from the relative proportions of radioactive potassium-40 and its decay product, argon-40.
69
What're Promo-primates?
The first primate-like mammal. Not a primate nor prosimian.
70
What is General primate evolution?
The study of the evolutionary history of primates, including their origins, diversification, and adaptation to various environments.
71
What is Carpolestes simpsoni?
A species of primate-like mammal that had some derived primate traits, such as a grasping foot and an opposable big toe. This species is intermediate in many respects between primitive primate-like mammals and true primates.

Anth 203 (10 decks)

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