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Anth 203 > Chp 6 Primates > Flashcards

Chp 6 Primates Flashcards

1
Q

What is Arboreal adaption?

A

adaptation to life in the trees

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2
Q

What is Dietary plasticity?

A

Organisms ability to adapt its diet to a wide range of foods

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3
Q

What is Parental investment?

A

Time and energy parents expend for their offsprings benefit

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4
Q

What is Opposable?

A

The thumb of primates can touch each of the 4 fingertips enabling a grasping ability

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5
Q

What is Power grip?

A

Fistlike grip ➡️ fingers and thumbs wrap around an object in opposite directions

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6
Q

What is Precision grip?

A

The tips of the fingers and thumbs come together, enabling fine manipulation

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7
Q

What is Preadaptation?

A

Organism’s use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the features original function

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8
Q

What is Nocturnal?

A

Organisms that are awake and active during the night

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9
Q

What is Dinaural?

A

Organisms that awake and active during the day

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10
Q

What is Rhinarium?

A

Naked surface around the nostrils typically wet in mammals

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11
Q

What is a Dental formula?

A

Numerical description of a species’ teeth

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12
Q

What is a Loph?

A

An enamel ridge connecting cusps on a tooth surface

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13
Q

What is Bilophodont?

A

Lower molars in Old world monkeys that have 2 ridges

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14
Q

What is Y-5?

A

Hominoids patron of lower molar cusps

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15
Q

What are Tooth combs?

A

Anterior teeth ➡️ titled forward creating a scraper

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16
Q

What is Canine-premolar honing complex?

A

Dental form➡️ upper canines are sharpened against the lower 3rd premolars when jaws open and close

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17
Q

What is a Diastema?

A

Space between 2 teeth

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18
Q

What is a Sectorial?

A

A Premolar adapted for cutting

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19
Q

What is a Thick enamel?

A

Adaptation to eating tough foods

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20
Q

What is an Olfactory bulb?

A

Areas of the brain associated with smell

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21
Q

What is a Grade?

A

Group of organsims sharing the same complexity and level of evolution

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22
Q

What is a Clade?

A

Group of organsims that evolved from a common ancestor

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23
Q

What are Primitive traits?

A

Present in multiple species of a group

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24
Q

What are Derived traits?

A

Present in only 1 or a few species of a group

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25
Q

What is Phylogeny?

A

Evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms

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26
Q

What is a Prehensile tail

A

Tail that acts as a kind of hand support in trees➡️ New world monkeys

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27
Q

What is the Traditional classification system?

A

Separate order of primates into 2 suborders: Promsimilli (lower) & Anthropoidea (higher), w/o consideration to ancestral/descendant relationships

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28
Q

What is the Cladistic classification system?

A

Uses anatomical & genetic evidence to create ancestral/descendant relationships that link clades

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29
Q

What are Cladistic order of Primates?

A

Strepsirhini & Haplorhini

30
Q

What are Strepsirhinies?

A

Retained primitive characteristics, Lorises, Lemurs, Galagos

31
Q

What are Haplorhinies?

A

Lost primitive characteristics, Higher primates, New world➡️ Platyrrhines,flat nosed prehensile tails, nostrils are round and separated by the septum, 6 lower and upper premolars& Catarrhines➡️ downward nose, Old world, enclosed nostrils, 4 upper and lower nostrils

32
Q

What are the 2 clades of Haplorhinies?

A

Anthropoids & Tarsiers

33
Q

What are the 2 clades of Anthropoids?

A

Catarrhines, older world higher primates i.e gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans vs Platyrrhines new world higher primates i.e. monkeys, apes, humans

34
Q

What are Tarsiers?

A

Primates that retained Primitive characteristics

35
Q

What are the Traditional classifications of primates?

A

Hylobatids (gibbons), Pongids (Great apes), Hominids

36
Q

What are the Cladisitc classifications of primates?

A

2 families; hylobatids, hominids (great apes +humans), 3 sub families➡️ pongines( orangutans) gorillines (gorillas) hominies (chimps, bonobos, humans)

37
Q

What is a Taxa?

A

any unit used in taxonomy

38
Q

Which primates are apart of the superfamily of Platyrrhines?

A

Ceboids➡️ Cebids & Atelids,

39
Q

Which primates are a part of the Atelids family?

A

Howler monkeys, Spider monkeys, Wolly monkeys, Wolly Spider monkeys

40
Q

Which primates are a part of the Cebids family?

A

Squirrel monkeys, capuchins

41
Q

What are the 2 subfamilies of Cercopithecoids?

A

Colobines & Cercopithecines, arboreal or terrestrial, biolphodont upper and lower molars, nonprehensile tails

42
Q

Characteristics of Colobines?

A

Arboreal, do not live in dry climates, large 3-4 chambered stomachs, high pointed cusps of molars

43
Q

Characteristics of Cercopirthecines?

A

Rounded lower cusps on molars➡️ inside each cheek a pouch that extends into neck ➡️ serves as a stomach

44
Q

What is Brachiation?

A

Arboreal locomotion➡️ movement is accomplished by swinging from one arm to the next

45
Q

What is Primatology?

A

Study of human primates➡️ closet living relatives of human beings

46
Q

What is Paeloanthropology?

A

Study of the history of human evolution via the fossil record

47
Q

What is Primate order?

A

Grouping of primates into specific subgroups depending on traits and characteristics

48
Q

What are Lemurs?

A

Prosimian ➡️island of Madagascar➡️retained primitive traits, Strepsirhine, Rhinarium, nocturnal

49
Q

What is a Prosimian?

A

Suborder of primates that are biologically primitive compared to Anthropoids

50
Q

What is a Tarsier ?

A

Promsimian➡️Indonesia➡️nocturnal➡️ Haplorhinini, lack tooth comb,lack wet nose

51
Q

What is a Cercopithecoid?

A

Old world monkeys➡️largest primate family, baboons, red colobus➡️ bilophodont➡️narrow nose➡️,narrow pelvis, smaller brains, hnonprehensile tail, quadrupedal

52
Q

What is a Hominid?

A

Family within the hominoid➡️humans, great apes

53
Q

What is a Hominin?

A

Humans, great apes, bipdeal, smaller canines, larger brains, communication, tool use,➡️ family➡️Hominidae

54
Q

What are Chimpanzees?

A

Pan troglodytes➡️Closely related to humans, of the ape species, flat noses(platyrrhines)➡️, hominin, 2.1.2.3 old world dental formula➡️omnivores➡️long pelvises, quadrpudeal➡️ no tail, suspensory posture

55
Q

What are Bonobos?

A

Pan Paniscus➡️ Cattarhine,➡️from the family Hominidae➡️Anthropoid➡️ old world monkey➡️enclosed nostril, Arboreal, and terrestrial➡️ downward nose➡️ of the ape species, ➡️suspensory posture➡️knuckle-walking

56
Q

What is Binocular Stereoscopic?

A

overlapping fields of vision with both sides of the brain receiving images from both eyes➡️ depth perception

57
Q

What is Postorbital bar?

A

A bony enclosure around the eye sockets➡️ strepsirhinies➡️ haloplorhinies have the full postorbital plate

58
Q

What is Quadrupedalism?

A

Form of locomotion where four arms bear all the weight and move around

59
Q

Where are primates found?

A

Africa, South America, Southeast Asia

60
Q

What is Behavioral Ecology?

A

The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior

61
Q

What is Alloparenting?

A

Shared caring and provisioning of the young by other group members

62
Q

What Social Sex?

A

intercourse used in other ways rather than by means of reproduction

63
Q

What is violence?

A

behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.

64
Q

What is Cenozoic?

A

The third and most recent geological era of the phanerozoic eon dating to the last 65.5 Ma. Primate and Human evolution occurred during this era

65
Q

What is Relative dating?

A

Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock

66
Q

What is Stratigraphy?

A

the study of rock layers and the sequence of events they reflect

67
Q

What is Numerical dating?

A

Dating methods based on laboratory techniques that assign age in years to material evidence

68
Q

What is Potassium-Argon dating?

A

a method of dating rocks from the relative proportions of radioactive potassium-40 and its decay product, argon-40.

69
Q

What’re Promo-primates?

A

The first primate-like mammal. Not a primate nor prosimian.

70
Q

What is General primate evolution?

A

The study of the evolutionary history of primates, including their origins, diversification, and adaptation to various environments.

71
Q

What is Carpolestes simpsoni?

A

A species of primate-like mammal that had some derived primate traits, such as a grasping foot and an opposable big toe. This species is intermediate in many respects between primitive primate-like mammals and true primates.

Anth 203 (10 decks)

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