Chp 33 Intro to Invertebrates

Question 1

What are invertebrates?

Answer 1

Animals that lack a backbone

Question 2

What percentage of animals are invertebrate?

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

What is the common ancestor of all animals?

Answer 3

• Protists

Question 4

What are sponges?

Answer 4

Basal animals that lack true tissues

Question 5

What are animals in the phylum Porifera informally known as?

Answer 5

• Sponges

Question 6

What are the characteristics of sponges? (2)

Answer 6

• Sedentary (non-motile/not active)
• Live in marine or fresh waters

Question 7

What are the 5 phylums in order?

Answer 7

• Porifera
• Cnidaria
• Lophotrochozoa
• Ecdysozoa
• Deuterostomia

Question 8

What are filter feeders?

Answer 8

Sponges that captures food particles suspended in the water that passes thru their body

Question 9

What is spongocoel?

Answer 9

A cavity held in which water is drawn thru pores

Question 10

What is osculum?

Answer 10

The opening of the cavity where water leaves

Question 11

What are choanocytes?

Answer 11

Flagellated collar cells that generate water current thru the sponge and ingenst suspended foods

Question 12

What are amoebocytes?

Answer 12

Cells that are found in the mesohyl and play roles in digestion and structure

Question 13

What are hermaphrodites?

Answer 13

Each individual function as both male and female

• Sponges are hermaphrodites

Question 14

What is mesohyl?

Answer 14

A gelatinous noncellular layer b/w 2 cell layers of sponges

Question 15

What do sponges lack?

Answer 15

true tissues and organs

Question 16

What are the ancient phylum of eumetazoans?

Answer 16

Cnidarians

Question 17

What is significant about the clade Eumetazoa?

Answer 17

Consists of animals that has true tissues

Question 18

What are the phylums in clade Eumetazoa? (4)

Answer 18

• Cnidaria
• Lophotrochozoa
• Ecdysozoa
• Deuterostomia

Question 19

What are some examples of cnidarians?

Answer 19

• Jellies
• Corals
• Hydras

Question 20

What are the two types of cnidarians?

Answer 20

• Sessile (nonmoving)
• Motile

Question 21

What do cnidarians exhibit?

Answer 21

• Simple diploblastic, radial body plan

Question 22

What is the gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 22

Central digestive compartment of the cnidarian

Question 23

What is the single opening function?

Answer 23

Mouth and anus

Question 24

What are the two variations of the body plan (cnidarian)?

Answer 24

• sessile polyp
• motile medusa

Question 25

What is a polyp?

Answer 25

Adheres to the substrate by the aboral end of its body

Question 26

What is a medusa?

Answer 26

Bell-shaped body with its mouth on the underside - Don't attach to the substrate but moves freely

Question 27

Are cnidarians herbivores or carnivores?

Answer 27

Carnivores in which they use their tentacles to capture prey

Question 28

What are cnidocytes?

Answer 28

Cells that function in defense and capture prey Cnidarian's tentacles have this

Question 29

What are nematocytes?

Answer 29

Specialized organelles within cnidocytes that eject a stinging thread

Question 30

What are the 2 major clades of Phylum Cnidaria?

Answer 30

- Meduszoa - Anthozoa

Question 31

What are examples of medusozoans?

Answer 31

*include all cnidarians that produce a medusa* - (Scyphozoans) Jellies - (Cubozoans) Sea wasp - Hydrozoans

Question 32

What are examples of anthozoans?

Answer 32

- sea anemones - star corals

Question 33

What is special about most hydrozoans?

Answer 33

Can alternate b/w polyp and medusa forms

Question 34

What is significant about hydra?

Answer 34

A freshwater cnidarian that exists only in polyp form and reproduces asexually via budding

Question 35

What is the predominate life cycle stage of the scyphozoans and cubozoans?

Answer 35

- Medusa

Question 36

What are 2 significant things of cubozoans?

Answer 36

- Their medusa is box-shaped - They contain highly toxic cnidocytes

Question 37

What does anthozoans only occur as?

Answer 37

As polyps

Question 38

What does corals secrete?

Answer 38

Secrete a hard exoskeleton (external skeleton) - Forms symbioses with algae

Question 39

What are bilaterian animals?

Answer 39

Animals that have bilateral symmetry and triploblastic development

Question 40

What is the triploblastic development?

Answer 40

- Coelom - DIgestive tract with 2 openings

Question 41

What does the clade Bilateria contains? (3)

Answer 41

- Lophotrochozoa - Ecdysozoa - Deuterostomia

Question 42

What clade is identified by molecular data and has the widest range of body forms

Answer 42

Lophotrochozoa

Question 43

What are examples of lophotrochozoa? 6

Answer 43

- Flatworms - Rotifers - Molluscs - Annelids - Ectoprocts - Brachiopods

Question 44

What phylum are flatworms apart of?

Answer 44

Platyhelminthes

Question 45

Where are flatforms located?

Answer 45

- Marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats

Question 46

What are some characteristics of flatworms

Answer 46

- Are acoelomates - has a gastrovascular cavity with one opening

Question 47

What does protonephridia do?

Answer 47

Regulates osmotic balance

Question 48

What are the two lineages of flatworms?

Answer 48

- Catenulida - Rhabditophora

Question 49

What are planarians

Answer 49

Free-living rhabditophorans

Question 50

What are the 2 important groups of parasitic rhabditophorans?

Answer 50

- Trematodes: Parasitize humans and spends parts of their lives in snail hosts - Tapeworms: Parasites of vertebrates and lack digestive system

Question 51

What are rotifers?

Answer 51

Tiny animals that inhabit fresh water, the ocean, and damp soil - Apart of phylum Rotifera

Question 52

What is an alimentary canal?

Answer 52

digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus that lies within a fluid-filled pseudocoelom found in rotifers

Question 53

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 53

Reproductive process of Rotifers in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs

Question 54

What are the two phyla in lophophorates?

Answer 54

Ectoprocta Brachiopoda

Question 55

What are some examples of the phylum Mollusca? 6

Answer 55

- snails -slugs - oysters - clams - octopuses - squids

Question 56

What are ectoprocts?

Answer 56

Sessile colonial animals that superficially resemble plants; also called bryozoans

Question 57

What do brachiopods resemble?

Answer 57

Resembles clams and other hinge-shelled molluscs, but the two halves of the shell are dorsal and ventral rather than lateral as in clams

Question 58

What are the 3 main parts of molluscs?

Answer 58

- muscular foot - visceral mass - mantle most also have - water filled mantle cavity - radula

Question 59

What are the 4 major classes of molluscs?

Answer 59

- Polyplacophora (chitons) - Gastropoda (snails and slugs) - Bivalvia (clams, oysters) - Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses)