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Microbiology > Chpt 15 > Flashcards

Chpt 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Observation of traits that an organism is expressing

A

Phenotypic methods

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2
Q

phenotypic method; physiological/biochemical characteristic

A

Enzyme production

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3
Q

Antibody response is exploited for diagnostic purposes

OFTEN EASIER THAN TESTING FOR THE MICROBE ITSELF

A

Immunologic methods

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4
Q

Advantages of genomic methods over phenotypic methods

RAPID RESULTS AND MORE PRECISE

A

Genotypic methods

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5
Q

A gram stain of a sputum sample from a patient is an example of ___ method of microbial identification

a. Genotypic
b. Immunologic
c. Phenotypic
d. Histologic
e. None of the above

A

Phenotypic

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6
Q

First step for method of microbial identification is ____

A

Specimen collection

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7
Q

Aseptic technique is not imperative (t/f)

A

False, aseptic technique is imperative

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8
Q

When getting a sample, how is it done?

A

Only infected site should be sampled. Not surrounding areas

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9
Q

When getting a sputum sample, you should avoid___

A

Contamination with SALIVA

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10
Q

Urine samples should be taken ___ from ____

A

ASEPTICALLY, from the bladder.

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11
Q

____ taken by the external urethra and collecting the urine midstream

A

Clean catch!!!

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12
Q

Also known as “first catch”, first voided urine is required for some diagnostic techniques mucous lining of the urethra, vagina or cervix

A

Dirty catch!!

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13
Q

Skin can be swabbed or scraped with a scalpel to expose deep layers

A

Skin sample

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14
Q

Tissue fluids is taken by needle aspiration.

Antisepsis of the puncture site is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT

A

Sterile material sampling

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15
Q

For biochemical testing, ____ is used to see metabolic reactions that cause a ____

A

Enzyme-mediated, color change

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16
Q

___ causes bacteriophage to infect bacteria in a species-specific and strain-specific way.

A

Phage typing

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17
Q

During phage typing, cleared areas corresponding to lysed cells don’t indicate sensitivity to that phage. (T/F)

A

False, it indicates sensitivity to that phage

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18
Q

A few or several hundred colonies of E.coli in a urine sample can indicate normal biota. The amount doesn’t matter (t/f)

A

False, if there’s only a few it can indicate normal biota, but if there’s several hundred it can mean active infection.

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19
Q

When it comes to a TRUE PATHOGEN, there has to be many colonies in a opportunistic in a sterile site for it to be ruled a disease (T/F)

A

False, a single colony of a true pathogen in a sputum sample o opportunist in a sterile site is highly suggestive for disease

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20
Q

In vitro testing of serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, whole tissues, and saliva for the presence of specific antibiotics.

A

Serology

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21
Q

Blood plasma without the clotting proteins

A

Serum

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22
Q

Blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens

A

Antiserum

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23
Q

Binding of antibody (Ab) to a specific site or epitope of an antigen (Ag)

A

Molecular basis of immunologic testing!!!

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24
Q

Antigens are whole cells or organisms such as red blood cells, bacteria, or viruses displaying surface antigens.

A

Agglutination

25
Q

____ is used to determine blood compatibility

A

Agglutination

26
Q

Antigen examined is a soluble molecule

A

Precipitation

27
Q

Lateral flow test found in drugstore pregnancy test and rapid strep test in doctor’s office

A

Immunochromatography!!!!

28
Q

Used to diagnose autoimmune disorders and determine past exposure to certain diseases

A

Antibody titers!!!

29
Q

Ag-Ab technique for identifying, classifying, and subgrouping certain bacteria into categories called serotypes

A

Serotyping!!!

30
Q

___ is highly specific, often used to confirm used to specific but more sensitive or screening test!!!!

A

Western blot test!!

31
Q

HIV screening test ELISA is positive then get the more sensitive and accurate western blot!! (t/f)

A

True

32
Q

Monoclonal antibodies labeled by fluorescent dye

A

Fluoroscent antibodies (FAbs)

33
Q

UNKNOWN TEST SPECIMEN or antigen is fixed to a slide and exposed to a FAb solution

A

Direct testing

34
Q

Known antigen is added to the test serum

A

Indirect testing!!

35
Q

___ is a common test used for antibody screening for HIV, various rickettsial species, hepatitis A and C, and helicobacter.
*Known antigen

A

Indirect Elisa test

36
Q

For a ____ test, verification test with a ____ may be necessary

A

Indirect Elisa, Western Blot

37
Q

__ test is a known antibody

A

Direct Elisa

38
Q
  • Small amount of purified protein derivate (PPD) from mycobacterium tuberculosis is injected into skin.
  • Example of ___
A

Tuberculin reaction. Example of IN VIVO TESTING

39
Q

Property of a test to focus only!!

A

Specificity!!

40
Q

Detection of even minute quantitities of antibodies or antigens in a specimen !!!

A

Sensitivity!!!!

41
Q

Direct Elisa detects ____ and indirect Elisa detects ____ from patient samples

A

Antigens; antibodies!!!

42
Q

___ will become so cheap and routine that we will soon be doing it with every patient to find microbes causing symptoms

A

Whol-genome sequencing

43
Q

Rapid and highly accurate microbial identification within minutes. Analyses FINGERPRINT

A

Mass spectrometry

44
Q

___ Are being used more frequently lately to find areas of localized infection in deep tissue

A

Imaging scans (MRI, CT scan, and PET scans)

45
Q

If the seven genes are active, what does the prescriber does?

A

Prescribes an antibiotic

46
Q

If the seven genes are not active, then the prescriber __

A

Knows symptoms are caused by virus, and therefrore cannot be helped by antibiotics.

47
Q

The new diagnostic strategy is an incredibly useful too because___

A

Majority of antibiotic prescription are incorrectly prescribed for conditions that are not caused by bacteria.!!!

48
Q

Which of the following technologies detects microbes via protein fingerprints?

a. Nucleic acid sequencing
b. Mass spectrometry
c. Microarrays
d. Imaging
c. Immunofluorescnce

A

Mass spectrometry

49
Q

NCLEX1. A RN is training a new staff nurse about proper specimen collection. Consequences of improper specimen collection may exclude all of the following, except:

a. a delay in appropiate treatment
b. exposing the patient to an unnecessary procedure
c. having to repeat the test
d. putting other patients at risk for incorrect treatment
e. putting the patient at risk for incorrect treatment

A

Putting other patients at risk for incorrect treatment

50
Q

NCLEX2. A clinical form used to report data on a patient specimens may include:

a. antibiotic history
b. patient symptoms
c. marital status
d. date and time of specimen collection
e. a,b, and,d
f. b,c, and d

A

Antibiotic history
Patient symptoms
Date and time of specimen collection

51
Q

NCLEX3.When determining the clinical significance of cultures:

a. the number of microbes is significant
b. the presence of a single colony of a true pathogen may indicate the presence of the disease if the culture comes from a site known to be sterile
c. the repeated isolation of a relatively pure culture of any microorganism can mean it is an agent of disease, although this is not always the case
d. a range of test may be needed to identifiy a pathogen
e. all of the above

A

All of the above

52
Q
  1. When using pulse-field gel electrophoresis, mutations in a microbe’s genome will show as:
    a. a different pattern of bands
    b. nonfluoerescent bands
    c. missing bands
    d. all of these
A

A different pattern of bands

53
Q
  1. Mass spectrometry identifies microbes via:
    a. fluorescent antibodies
    b. cell surface carbohydrates
    c. protein fingertips
    d. DNA prolifting
A

Protein fingertips

54
Q
  1. Which category of diagnosis is represented by studying a microbe’s utilization of nutrients?
    a. phenotypic
    b. genotypic
    c. immunologic
    d. none
A

Phenotypic

55
Q
  1. Which of the following diagnostics techniques is most likely to be affected by changes in growth conditions of specimen?
    a. phenotypic
    b. immunologic
    c. genotypic
A

Phenotypic

56
Q
  1. Which of the following techniques is most likely to reveal that an infection is in biofilm form?
    a. ELISA
    b. whole-genome-sequencing
    c. PFGE
    d. Imaging
A

Imaging

57
Q
  1. Bacterial infection causes the expression of different human genes than does viral infection
    a. true
    b. false
A

True

58
Q
  1. A test that results in a ver large number of false positives probably has an unacceptable level of:
    a. sensitivity
    b. specificity
A

Sensitivity

Microbiology (16 decks)

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