Chpt. 3 study guide

Question 1

Biopsychology

Answer 1

explores the biological mechanisms that underlie behavior

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

• studies how inherited genres can affect not just the physiological but psychological traits of a person

Question 3

Charles darwin

Answer 3

explored theory of evolution

Question 4

evolutionary psychologist

Answer 4

presume all behaviors reflect predispositions that helped human ancestors survive

Question 5

Behavioral Geneticist

Answer 5

study how differences arise in the present throughout the interaction of genes and the environment

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

strand of DNA

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

molecule made of nucleotide base pairs

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

sequence of DNA that controls physical traits

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

refers to genetic makeup

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Describes and individuals observable characteristics

Question 11

Polygenic trait

Answer 11

traits controlled by more than one gene

Question 12

Epigenetics

Answer 12

study of gene-environment interactions, how the genotype leads to different phenotypes

Question 13

soma

Answer 13

body of the neuron cell

Question 14

axon

Answer 14

sends neural impulses

Question 15

terminal buttons

Answer 15

end of the axon

Question 16

neurotransmitter

Answer 16

chemicals released by terminal buttons

Question 17

synapse

Answer 17

space between neuron

Question 18

dendrites

Answer 18

pick up the neurotransmitters

Question 19

myelin sheath

Answer 19

protective insulation around axon

Question 20

Depolarization

Answer 20

membrane potential becomes less negative making the neurons more likely to fire (excitation)

Question 21

hyperpolarization

Answer 21

membrane potential becomes more negative making the neuron less likely to fire (inhibition)

Question 22

reuptake

Answer 22

when the neuron absorbs the neurotransmitter it just sent

Question 23

Biological perspective

Answer 23

view that psychological disorders are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems

Question 24

psychotropic medication

Answer 24

drugs used to treat psychiatric symptoms

Question 25

agonist

Answer 25

drug that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 26

antagonist

Answer 26

drug that blocks normal activity of a given neurotransmitter

Question 27

Central nervous system (what it does, and contains)

Answer 27

Processes and responds to sensory information; consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 28

peripheral nervous system (what it does and contains)

Answer 28

connects the central nervous system with the other parts of the body; consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

Question 29

somatic nervous system

Answer 29

relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS

Question 30

autonomic nervous system

Answer 30

automatically controls our internal organs

Question 31

2 parts of the autonomic system

Answer 31

1. sympathetic nervous system 2. parasympathetic nervous system

Question 32

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

involved in stress-related activities and functions

Question 33

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

involved in the relaxed state of the body (usually after the sympatheric nervous system)

Question 34

what does the spinal cord do?

Answer 34

delivers messages to and from the brain, and has its own system of reflex

Question 35

what is lateralization

Answer 35

concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions

Question 36

what do the left and right hemispheres control?

Answer 36

a. left controls the right side of the body, dominant for logic b. right controls the left side of the body, dominant in nonverbal processing and creativity

Question 37

corpus callosum

Answer 37

connects the left and right hemispheres

Question 38

forebrain

Answer 38

contains cerebral cortex, thalamus, and limbic system

Question 39

limbic system (Hungry Hounds Ate Pavlov)

Answer 39

Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Pituitary

Question 40

Midbrain (what is does, and contains)

Answer 40

connects the hindbrain with the forebrain; consists of Reticular formation, Substantia Nigra, Ventral tegmental Area (VTA)

Question 41

Hindbrain aka oldest part (Bandura Totally Roughhoused Clowns)

Answer 41

Brainstem, Therabellum, Reticular Formation, and Cerebellum

Question 42

Cerebral Cortex (Freud Tore Pants Off)

Answer 42

a. responsible for processes like language and memory b. contains Frontal lobe, Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe, and Occipital lobe

Question 43

Pituitary Gland

Answer 43

master gland of the endocrine system

Question 44

Endocrine system (what it does and contains)

Answer 44

a. series of glands that produces hormone to regulate normal body functions b. contains pineal gland, thymus, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, uterus, ovaries, and testes